3D-printed device for synthesis of magnetic and metallic nanoparticles
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3D-printed device for synthesis of magnetic and metallic nanoparticles Vini Singh 1 Received: 22 August 2020 / Accepted: 27 October 2020 # Akadémiai Kiadó 2020
Abstract A cost-effective biodegradable droplet-based 3D-printed device for synthesis of superparamagnetic iron oxide (magnetite, Fe3O4) and metallic (silver, Ag and gold, Au) nanoparticles is demonstrated. The device was successful in confining the reagents in droplets and allowing a sequential flow of droplets to obtain uniform shape and size of both magnetic and metallic nanoparticles, an important characteristic for biomedical and sensing applications. Translating a conventional macroscale glasswarebased to a fluidic-based synthesis involved a simple optimization in flow rates of dispersed (aqueous solutions of reagents) and continuous (oil) phases to fine tune the shape and size of magnetic and metallic nanomaterials. TEM confirmed the Fe3O4 and Ag/Au nanoparticles to possess nanoplate and sphere-shaped morphology, respectively. Further, utilization of gravitational force allowed a hassle-free controlled synthesis of nanoparticles, without any clogging of channel walls. Keywords 3D-printing . Droplet-based method . Magnetic nanoparticles . Metallic nanoparticles
Introduction Magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted immense attention because of their widespread applications as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as ferrofluids in biomedical applications such as drug carriers, hyperthermia treatment, theranostics, biosensors and bioanalysis [1–3]. In a similar fashion, metallic NPs such as silver (Ag) and gold (Au) exhibit interesting size and shapedependent physical and chemical properties as against their bulk counterparts. Tailored shape and size of these metallic NPs exhibit localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect, which leads to strong enhancement of electromagnetic radiation on the interface, and therefore have shown promising applications in photovoltaic technology, sensing, heterogeneous catalysis, optoelectronics and nanomedicine [4–11]. The control of shape and size of NPs during synthesis is critical and of paramount importance for their applications. Bulk wet-chemical synthesis methods have been widely used to prepare colloidal magnetic and metallic dispersions.
* Vini Singh [email protected] 1
School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
However, this method suffers from drawbacks such as poor control over reagent addition, mixing, reaction time, and temperature leading to synthesis of polydisperse nanomaterials with a wide particle size distribution. This method is nonreproducible from one batch to another and hence limits its scalability to larger production volumes. Therefore, to overcome these drawbacks an alternate synthesis method is needed that is capable of synthesizing monodisperse high-quality nanomaterials in good yield. Microfluidic systems are robust tools that allow precise control of reaction conditions to yield prod
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