A brief overview on supramolecular analytical chemistry of cucurbit[ n ]urils and hemicucurbit[n]urils
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A brief overview on supramolecular analytical chemistry of cucurbit[n] urils and hemicucurbit[n]urils Radu‑Cristian Mutihac1 · Andrei A. Bunaciu2 · Hans‑Jürgen Buschmann3 · Lucia Mutihac4 Received: 6 June 2020 / Accepted: 31 July 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The present overview summarizes some aspects on supramolecular analytical applications of cucurbit[n]urils and hemicucurbit[n]urils on the separation of various compounds. Their high affinity for the wide range of compounds forming host–guest complexes have led to their interesting and practical applications. As such, the involving of these molecular hosts in sensing, chromatographic separation, extraction studies, and membrane transport along with their ability to molecular binding selectivity are shortly outlined in this contribution. Graphic abstract
Keywords Cucurbit[n]urils · Hemicucurbit[n]urils · Sensing · Separation · Chromatography · Extraction · Membrane separation
Introduction Starting from Prof. Lehn’s definition [1] of supramolecular chemistry as the “chemistry beyond the molecule”, during the last two decades, supramolecular chemistry has become * Lucia Mutihac [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
a challenging interdisciplinary field with a wide range of applications and a strong impact in analytical sciences. Recently, Prof. Anslyn [2, 3], has named “supramolecular analytical chemistry” the field that involves the integration of analytical and supramolecular chemistry highlighting the analytical chemistry applications of synthetic chemical structures concerning molecular recognition and self-assembly.
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It should be noted that the macrocyclic receptors like crown ethers, cryptands, cyclodextrins, calix[n]arenes, calixpyrroles, cucurbit[n]urils, and pillar[n]arenes are known as attractive hosts in host–guest chemistry having the ability to encapsulate a wide range of molecules and to release them in suitable conditions. The property as building blocks of these macrocyclic compounds makes them competitive candidates for the design and synthesis of the desired supramolecular aggregated architectures with applications ranging from smart materials, mechanical devices, stimuli-responsive materials, drug delivery systems, catalytic activity, nanoscience and separation science [4–16]. Moreover, molecular recognition and host–guest interactions are responsible for synthesis of functional supramolecular materials. The switching and functional abilities into materials are introduced by non-covalent interactions like hydrogen bonding, π–π staking, donor–acceptor interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and metal coordination interactions which are reversible bonds and have the ability to confer interesting dynamic properties of these supramolecular materials, too [17–19]. The development of the stimuli-responsive supramolecular polymers based on cyclodextrins, cucurbit[n]urils, and calixarenes in aqueous solution and their functionality, const
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