A case of gynandromorphism in Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. from Mexico
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A case of gynandromorphism in Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. from Mexico Beatriz Salceda‑Sánchez1 · Sokani Sánchez‑Montes2,3 · Juan J. Soto‑Gutiérrez1 · Ma. Ruth Sandoval‑Espinosa4 Received: 6 May 2020 / Accepted: 18 September 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract We report the presence of a brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l.) gynandromorph collected inside a house in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico. This work provides the first report of gynandromorphism in a tick from Mexico, and represents the third report of this condition in R. sanguineus s.l. in the world. Keywords Gynandromorph · Brown dog tick · Morphological abnormality · Tropical lineage
Introduction Gynandromorphism is a rare process seen in arthropods where a specimen exhibits both male and female characters simultaneously; this is considered to be an abnormal process of embryonic development, with the unequal distribution of sex-linked chromosomes, particularly in mandibulates (insects) and chelicerates (spiders and ticks) (Homsher and Yunker 1981; Pereira et al. 2010). In the case of ticks, this phenomenon has been documented extensively around the world, with approximately 80 documented cases, mainly in hard ticks (Guglielmone et al. 1999; Labruna et al. 2000, 2002; Keskin et al. 2012; Muñoz-Leal et al. 2018).
* Beatriz Salceda‑Sánchez [email protected] * Sokani Sánchez‑Montes [email protected] 1
Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE), Francisco de P. Miranda #177, Col. Unidad Lomas de Plateros, Del. Álvaro Obregón, 01480 Mexico City, Mexico
2
Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, región Tuxpan, Universidad Veracruzana, Carretera Tuxpan Tampico Kilómetro 7.5, Universitaria, 92870 Tuxpan, Veracruz, Mexico
3
Centro de Medicina Tropical, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
4
Laboratorio Estatal de Salud Pública de Guanajuato (LESP), Guanajuato, Mexico
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Experimental and Applied Acarology
The traditional classification of Campana-Rouget (1959) considers the existence of five forms of gynandromorphism in ticks: (1) bipartite protogynander, where the external characters of male and female ticks are equally represented; (2) deuterogynander, where characters of one sex are decreased to a quadrant; (3) metagynander, where characters of one sex are decreased to a small segment; (4) gynander intriqué, a protogynander or deuterogynander in which some pieces of male or female characters are embedded in areas of the opposite sex; and (5) mosaic gynandromorphism, where there is no definitive line separating one sex from the other, but the pieces are entangled without any indication of symmetry. It has been recognised that the bipartite protogynander is the most widely documented phenomenon (Labruna et al. 2002; Keskin et al. 2012). Gynandromorphism has been recorded in eight taxa of the Rhipicephalus genus (R. annulatus, R. appendiculatus, R. bursa, R. geigy
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