Genetic diversity of the ATAQ gene in Rhipicephalus microplus collected in Mexico and implications as anti-tick vaccine
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GENETICS, EVOLUTION, AND PHYLOGENY - SHORT COMMUNICATION
Genetic diversity of the ATAQ gene in Rhipicephalus microplus collected in Mexico and implications as anti-tick vaccine Sarah Melissa Lugo-Caro del Castillo 1 & Rubén Hernández-Ortiz 2 & Ninnet Gómez-Romero 3 & Moisés Martínez-Velázquez 4 & Edgar Castro-Saines 2 & Rodolfo Lagunes-Quintanilla 2 Received: 13 February 2020 / Accepted: 14 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus has a large impact on cattle production due to its bloodsucking habit and transmission of pathogens that cause babesiosis and anaplasmosis. Application of acaricides constitutes the major control method but is often accompanied by serious drawbacks, including environmental contamination and an increase in acaricide resistance by ticks. The recent development of anti-tick vaccines has provided positive results in the post-genomic era, owing to the rise of reverse vaccinological and bioinformatics approaches to analyze and identify candidate protective antigens for use against ticks. The ATAQ protein is considered a novel antigen for the control of the cattle tick R. microplus; it is expressed in midguts and Malpighian tubules of all ticks from the Rhipicephalus genus. However, genetic diversity studies are required. Here, the ATAQ gene was sequenced of seven R. microplus tick isolates from different regions in Mexico to understand the genetic diversity. The results showed that sequence identity among the Mexican isolates ranged between 98 and 100% and 97.8– 100% at the nucleotide and protein levels, respectively. Alignments of deduced amino acid sequences from different R. microplus ATAQ isolates in Mexico revealed a high degree of conservation. However, the Mexican isolates differed from the R. microplus “Mozambique” strain, at 20 amino acid residues. Finally, the analysis of more R. microplus isolates, and possibly of other Rhipicephalus species, to determine the genetic diversity in the ATAQ locus is essential to suggest this antigen as a vaccine candidate that might control tick infestations. Keywords Rhipicephalus microplus . ATAQ . Genetic diversity . Tick vaccine
Introduction Section Editor: Neil Bruce Chilton * Rodolfo Lagunes-Quintanilla [email protected] 1
Universidad Politécnica del Estado de Morelos, Boulevard Cuauhnáhuac 566, Col. Lomas del Texcal, CP 62550 Jiutepec, Morelos, México
2
Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad – INIFAP, Carretera Federal Cuernavaca - Cuautla 8534, Col. Progreso, CP 62574 Jiutepec, Morelos, México
3
Laboratorio de Vacunología y Constatación, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia – UNAM, Avenida Universidad 3000, CP 04510 Ciudad de México, México
4
Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, CP 44270 Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
The cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus, is considered to be the most important ectoparasite
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