A comparative assessment of growth, pigment and enhanced lipid production by two toxic freshwater cyanobacteria Anabaena
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
A comparative assessment of growth, pigment and enhanced lipid production by two toxic freshwater cyanobacteria Anabaena circinalis FSS 124 and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii FSS 127 under various combinations of nitrogen and phosphorous inputs Aratrika Sarkar 1
&
Ravikumar Rajarathinam 1
&
Ranganathan Budhi Venkateshan 1
Received: 8 July 2020 / Accepted: 18 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Nitrogen and phosphorous are important nutritional regulators for the growth of cyanobacteria, thereby having a significant impact in bloom formation by toxic species. Usage of toxic cyanobacteria for increasing valuable metabolite production by nutrient manipulation is still unexplored. Hence, the current work is aimed to estimate and compare growth, pigment, and increased lipid production coupled with the identification of fatty acids between two toxic strains—Anabaena circinalis FSS 124 and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii FSS 127 under various combinations of these two nutrients. Low level of nitrogen and phosphorous enhanced lipid content in both strains (˃ 20% and 30% respectively) and C. raciborskii, respectively. Lipid productivity in low phosphorous concentration (P0.5) was achieved significantly high in C. raciborskii. Similarly, a substantial amount of carotenoids was obtained at reduced nitrogen and phosphorous in C. raciborskii accompanied by lessened growth and Chl a concentration. Unlikely, enough biomass (˃ 2 g L−1) was produced at high nutrient levels in both species. Comparative statistical significance (p < 0.05) was found between two species regarding biomass production, chlorophyll concentration, lipid content, and productivity and between these factors in each species under both nutrient variations. FAME of Cylindrospermopsis is composed of saturated fatty acids (˃ 50%) and MUFA (˃ 25%) while Anabaena contains PUFA (˃ 21%) additionally. However, the study highlights C. raciborskii as potential lipid and carotenoid producer at nutrient stress and finds a novel way to utilize these cyanobacterial biomasses, which cause immense environmental hazards and life threats. Keywords Cyanobacteria . Biomass . Growth . Lipid . Pigment . Fatty acids
Introduction Toxic cyanobacteria are microorganisms producing various toxins that enable them to compete with eukaryotic planktons Responsible Editor: Vitor Manuel Oliveira Vasconcelos * Ravikumar Rajarathinam [email protected] Aratrika Sarkar [email protected] Ranganathan Budhi Venkateshan [email protected] 1
Bioenergy Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, affiliated to Anna University, Chennai, TN, India
by their dominance in the form of dense blooms. Various atmospheric factors like increasing temperature, high CO2 level in the air, rainfall alterations, and surplus nutrient level in lakes due to agricultural-industrial runoffs influence the frequent occurrence of toxic blooms globally (O’neil et al. 2012; Paerl and
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