A comparison of near-surface potential temperature variance budgets for unstable atmospheric flows with contrasting vege
- PDF / 3,834,655 Bytes
- 29 Pages / 439.37 x 666.142 pts Page_size
- 109 Downloads / 151 Views
A comparison of near‑surface potential temperature variance budgets for unstable atmospheric flows with contrasting vegetation cover flat surfaces and a gentle slope Chaoxun Hang1,2 · Daniel F. Nadeau3 · Eric R. Pardyjak2 · Marc B. Parlange1 Received: 7 April 2018 / Accepted: 3 November 2018 © Springer Nature B.V. 2018
Abstract Over the past decades, researchers have made significant progress toward a fundamental understanding of the budgets of turbulence variables over flat and homogeneous terrain, and only more recently over complex terrain. However, temperature variance budgets, which are parameterized in most meteorological models, are still poorly understood even under relatively idealized conditions. The objective of this study is to analyze the nearsurface potential temperature variance budget over contrasting surfaces. To do this, we rely on profiles of near-surface turbulence variables collected as part of the Mountain Terrain Atmospheric Modeling and Observations program. Daytime observations collected in May 2013 in western Utah at three field sites subjected to similar large-scale forcing are analyzed: a desert playa (i.e., dry lakebed), characterized by a flat surface devoid of vegetation; a vegetated site, characterized by a flat valley floor covered with greasewood vegetation, and a slope site with a local slope angle of 2°–4° and covered by 1-m tall sparse desert steppe vegetation. The observations indicate a persistent 5-m surface layer across all three sites, where the flow is equilibrium due to the balance between dominant production and dissipation terms in the potential temperature variance equation. The temperature variances in this layer are well predicted by Monin–Obukhov similarity theory. During convective periods at the Playa and Slope sites, ≈ 60% of the data show a ratio of turbulent transport to production greater than 0.1. Within the surface layer, turbulent transport of potential temperature variance acts as a sink term at all three sites. Neither the ratio of turbulent transport to production nor the ratio of production to dissipation show a dependence on atmospheric stability during the unstable periods studied. A short-period comparison of dissipation rates calculated using dissipation-scale resolving cold-wire anemometry and several common indirect methods using sonic anemometry is presented for data acquired at Playa site. The results indicate that the dissipation rates from all methods follow similar trends, however the values can differ by a factor of 2–3. Keywords Convective boundary layer · Dissipation of temperature variance · Dryland · Eddy covariance · Surface layer turbulence profiles
* Chaoxun Hang [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
13
Vol.:(0123456789)
Environmental Fluid Mechanics
1 Introduction Turbulence variance characteristics in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) have received considerable attention due to their importance in numerical weather prediction (e.g., [1, 6, 8–10, 37, 41, 43, 46, 5
Data Loading...
