A Comprehensive Review of Peri-implantitis Risk Factors
- PDF / 477,964 Bytes
- 12 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 48 Downloads / 191 Views
PERI-IMPLANTITIS (I DARBY, SECTION EDITOR)
A Comprehensive Review of Peri-implantitis Risk Factors Dena Hashim 1 & Norbert Cionca 1
# The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review This is a comprehensive narrative review aimed at identifying relevant risk factors associated with peri-implantitis. Recent Findings Recent studies suggest that water pipes and electronic cigarettes present potentially significant risk factors for peri-implantitis. In addition, we have recently appreciated that the release of titanium particles into the peri-implant tissues is associated with inflammation and disease progression. Yet the question remains as to whether these factors could be sole or major causes of peri-implantitis, or merely additional factors contributing to the aggravation of the disease. Furthermore, the use of zirconia implants does not prevent the development of peri-implantitis, but it has been associated with lower inflammation and marginal bone resorption. Summary Established peri-implantitis risk factors include periodontal disease, lack of maintenance, cigarette and smokeless tobacco use, hyperglycaemia and obesity. Local risk factors include inadequate plaque control, mucositis, implant’s malposition and poorly designed prostheses or presence of excess cement. Potential risk factors requiring additional research include genetic and systemic conditions, high doses of bisphosphonates and hormonal replacement therapy. Occlusal overload, lack of keratinised tissue and local presence of titanium particles seem to aggravate peri-implant disease, but studies are still required prior to drawing definitive conclusions. Keywords Peri-implantitis . Risk factors . Risk predictors . Biological complications . Implants . Review
Introduction Oral implants are currently an essential and routine part of any dental practice. Yet despite their formidable success, complications and failure rates have been progressively rising [1, 2]. Peri-implantitis is one of the most common biological complications affecting functional implants. It is a destructive inflammatory disease associated with pocket formation and peri-implant bone loss [3]. Marginal bone level changes after initial remodelling, accompanied by bleeding on peri-implant probing (BOP), are recommended for its diagnosis [3]. Periimplantitis affects around 13% of implants and 18.5% of
patients [4], with its incidence rising from 0.4 to 43.9% within 3–5 years [5•]. However, the disease affects different subjects and different implants at variable rates. Despite its predominantly bacterial aetiology [6, 7], various factors may increase the risk of developing peri-implantitis. Whether inherent or modifiable, the identification of these factors is crucial for both prevention and treatment of the disease. Since peri-implantitis presents a public health issue [4, 8, 9], this review aims to describe all relevant risk factors in order to identify susceptible patients and implants. This will help the development of individualised maintenance programs, eventually contributing to
Data Loading...
