A Comprehensive Review of the Treatment and Management of Myofascial Pain Syndrome
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OTHER PAIN (AD KAYE AND N VADIVELU, SECTION EDITORS)
A Comprehensive Review of the Treatment and Management of Myofascial Pain Syndrome Annemarie Galasso 1 & Ivan Urits 2 & Daniel An 1 & Diep Nguyen 3 & Matthew Borchart 4 & Cyrus Yazdi 2 & Laxmaiah Manchikanti 5 & Rachel J. Kaye 6 & Alan D. Kaye 7 & Ken F. Mancuso 6 & Omar Viswanath 7,8,9,10
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a musculoskeletal pain condition that stems from localized, taut regions of skeletal muscle and fascia, termed trigger points. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to provide updated information on prevalence, pathophysiology, and treatment modalities with a focus on interventional modalities in managing MPS. Recent Findings Though MPS can present acutely, it frequently presents as a chronic condition, affecting up to 85% of adults during their lifetime. MPS is an often-overlooked component of pain with overarching effects on society, including patient quality of life, physical and social functioning, emotional well-being, energy, and costs on health care. The prevalence of MPS is generally increased among patients with other chronic pain disorders and has been associated with various other conditions such as bladder pain syndrome, endometriosis, and anxiety. Summary MPS is poorly understood and remains a challenging condition to treat. Non-pharmacologic treatment modalities such as acupuncture, massage, transcutaneous electrical stimulation, and interferential current therapy may offer relief to some patients with MPS. Additional studies are warranted to get a better understanding of managing myofascial pain. Keywords Myofascial pain syndrome . Trigger points . Chronic pain . Musculoskeletal pain
Introduction Chronic musculoskeletal pain is a common problem across the USA and the globe contributing to disability, along with other comorbidities including anxiety and depression and leading to numerous health care interventions. In fact, in a publication describing US spending on personal health care and public
health from 1996 to 2013, Dieleman et al. [1] showed an estimated spending of $183.5 billion in managing musculoskeletal disorders including chronic musculoskeletal and spinal pain. Numerous modalities of treatment have been employed in managing chronic musculoskeletal pain ranging from simple over-the-counter medications to complex surgical fusions, including multiple types of interventional techniques
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Other Pain * Ivan Urits [email protected] 1
2
Georgetown University School of Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
3
University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
4
Creighton University School of Medicine-Phoenix Regional Campus, Phoenix, AZ, USA
5
Pain Management Centers of Am
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