A comprehensive study of electrical and optical properties of phosphate oxide-based glasses doped with Er 2 O 3
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A comprehensive study of electrical and optical properties of phosphate oxide-based glasses doped with Er2O3 Yasser B. Saddeek1 · A. A. El‑Maaref1 · M. G. Moustafa2 · M. M. El‑Okr2 · A. A. Showahy1 Received: 14 January 2018 / Accepted: 3 April 2018 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract In this study, the radiative parameters were acquired from the UV absorption spectra and the luminescence spectra of Er3+ ions doped E r2O3–Al2O3–Na2O–P2O5 glasses. The intensity of each absorption spectrum was utilized to deduce the radiative parameters and the parameters (Ω2, Ω4 and Ω6) of Judd–Ofelt theory. The FTIR and the elastic moduli of the quaternary glasses are also investigated. Analysis of the FTIR suggested that the presence of Er3+ ions created bridging oxygens and polymerized the local structure around atoms. This procedure manifested itself from decreasing the bond length of O–P and increasing the O/P ratio. The polymerization of the phosphate structure increased the ultrasonic velocity and the rigidity of the network. The electrical parameters of the phosphate glasses, such as the frequency and temperature dependence AC conductivity, dielectric loss and dielectric modulus were carried out. The E r3+ ions affected the carrier mobility by decreasing the electrical conductivity and increasing the activation energy. In addition, the frequency and temperature dependence of the dielectric modulus exhibited a Debye-type relaxation behavior.
1 Introduction In the last decades, new phosphate-based glasses drew much interest due to their wonderful properties as being the decisive ingredient of light-emitting devices [1, 2], laser glass hosts [3], laser generation [4], waveguide amplifiers [5], frequency upconverters [6], infrared display devices [7], and optical amplifiers [8]. These glasses are environmental friendly [9], have high chemical durability [10], fair mechanical strength [11] and exhibit an excellent optical transparency in a wide spectral range [12]. The phosphate-based glasses comprising Al2O3, Na2O, etc. are ideal hosts to be doped with rare earth ions (REO) like erbium ions (Er3+) [13]. Thus, a systematic investigation of the physical features of phosphate glasses containing Er3+ ions is essential in order to optimize their structure for the desired application. Further, the third ionization states and 4f transitions of REO influenced all the physical characteristics of the host phosphate based glasses [14]. Moreover, the multiple energy * Yasser B. Saddeek [email protected] 1
Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
2
level system of Er3+ ions controls the upconversion emission of these glasses in the regions from the infrared to the ultraviolet [15]. The photon upconversion is an anti-Stokes procedure comprises consecutive absorptions of more than one photon and results in an outflow of light with shorter wavelengt
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