A conceptual framework for resilience: fundamental definitions, strategies and metrics
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A conceptual framework for resilience: fundamental definitions, strategies and metrics Jesper Andersson1 · Vincenzo Grassi2 · Raffaela Mirandola3 · Diego Perez-Palacin1 Received: 14 February 2020 / Accepted: 17 November 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The resilience system property has become more and more relevant, mainly because of the increasing dependance on a rapidly growing number of software-intensive, complex, socio-technical systems, which are facing uncertainty about changes they are expected to experience during their life-cycle and ways to deal with them. Methodologies for the systematic design and validation of resilience for such systems are thus highly necessary, and require contributions from several different fields. This paper contributes to current resilience research by providing a conceptual framework intended to serve as a common ground for the development of such methodologies. Its main points are: the identification of the main categories of changes a system should face; a clear definition of the different facets of resilience one could want to achieve, expressed in terms of the system dynamics; a mapping of each of these facets to design strategies that are better suited to achieve it; and the corresponding identification of possible metrics that can be used to assess its achievement. Keywords Resilience · Conceptual framework · Strategies and metrics Mathematics subject classification 68U01 · 68N30 · 68U99
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Raffaela Mirandola [email protected] Jesper Andersson [email protected] Vincenzo Grassi [email protected] Diego Perez-Palacin [email protected]
1
Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
2
Universitá di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
3
Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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J. Andersson et al.
1 Introduction In the last decade, resilience has become an increasingly relevant system property, because of the exponential growth (in number and dependence on them) of socio-technical systems that directly or indirectly may affect users’ well-being. The unparalleled challenge for system engineers is to provide assurances for the behavior of such systems, in the face of uncertainties caused by the close interactions with their users and the environment, and changes they may need to adapt to, triggered by anticipated and unanticipated events in the system’s environment, in the user needs and behaviors, and the system itself. The concept of resilience was coined and developed in psychology to describe the human ability to cope with a crisis and to recover from it rapidly. Several other disciplines adopted the term over the years, including system safety [9], medicine [11], and human organization [3]. Widespread use in different disciplines has resulted in a situation where the term has several, sometimes incompatible or conflicting semantics. Woods [46] provides a comprehensive analysis of the different nuances of the resilience term. If we put the magnifier glass on the ICT domain, we find a plethora of related terms that originate from different research com
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