A conserved multi-epitope-based vaccine designed by targeting hemagglutinin protein of highly pathogenic avian H5 influe
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
A conserved multi‑epitope‑based vaccine designed by targeting hemagglutinin protein of highly pathogenic avian H5 influenza viruses Md. Shaid Bin Islam1 · Mojnu Miah2 · Mohammad Enayet Hossain3 · K. M. Kaderi Kibria1 Received: 12 July 2020 / Accepted: 3 November 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract The highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza viruses have been recognized as a potential pandemic threat to humans, and to the poultry industry since 1997. H5 viruses consist of a high mutation rate, so universal vaccine designing is very challenging. Here, we describe a vaccinomics approach to design a novel multi-epitope influenza vaccine, based on the highly conserved regions of surface glycoprotein, Hemagglutinin (HA). Initially, the HA protein sequences from Bangladeshi origin were retrieved and aligned by ClustalW. The sequences of 100% conserved regions extracted and analyzed to select the highest potential T-cell and B-cell epitope. The HTL and CTL analyses using IEDB tools showed that DVWTYNAELLVLMEN possesses the highest affinity with MHC class I and II alleles, and it has the highest population coverage. The docking simulation study suggests that this epitope has the potential to interact with both MHC class I and MHC class II. The B-cell epitope prediction provides a potential peptide, GAIAGFIEGGWQGM. We further retrieved HA sequences of 3950 avian and 250 human H5 isolates from several populations of the world, where H5 was an epidemic. Surprisingly, these epitopes are more than 98% conserved in those regions which indicate their potentiality as a conserved vaccine. We have proposed a multi-epitope vaccine using these sequences and assess its stability and potentiality to induce B-cell immunity. In vivo study is necessary to corroborate this epitope as a vaccine, however, setting forth groundwork for wet-lab studies essential to mitigate pandemic threats and provide cross-protection of both avian and humans against H5 influenza viruses. Keywords Peptide vaccine · H5N1 · Pandemic · Hemagglutinin · Epitope · Immunoinformatics
Introduction Influenza virus A is a virus of the Orthomyxoviridae family (Presti et al. 2009). Influenza virus causes an acute respiratory disease and continually circulates and changes in several animal hosts, including wild birds, poultry, pigs, horses, and humans. Their genotypes are based on the nature of their surface glycoproteins, Hemagglutinin (HA), and Nuraminidase (NA) (Lamb 2001). There are 18 different HAs and Md. Shaid Bin Islam and Mojnu Miah contributed equally to this manuscript. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-020-02544-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * K. M. Kaderi Kibria [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
11 NAs which are serologically distinguishable, in which antibodies to one virus genotype do not react with another. Influenza H5 viruses are avi
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