A Contribution to Environmentally-Compatible Energy Conversion: Characterization of Nano Structured Natural Ester Oil De
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
A Contribution to Environmentally‑Compatible Energy Conversion: Characterization of Nano Structured Natural Ester Oil Decorated with Carbon Quantum Dots M. Sivakumar1 · S. Chandrasekar2 · P. Uthirakumar3 · G. C. Montanari4 Received: 27 March 2020 / Revised: 10 August 2020 / Accepted: 23 August 2020 © The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2020
Abstract Performance of natural ester oils have not been investigated deeply yet, and concerns exist about their behavior under overstresses and partial discharges. The present work investigates the suitability of novel carbon quantum dots (CQD) decorated nanostructured natural ester based corn oil for transformer insulation applications, particularly focusing on collecting database for overstressed conditions due to lightning impulse (LI) and partial discharge (PD). CQD nanofluids prepared with SiO2 and T iO2 nanofillers are tested for its insulation properties such as PD, LI and AC power frequency breakdown voltage (BDV). The tests are carried out at different concentration of nanofillers with the mass fractions of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1. Statistical analysis of test data is performed using two parameter Weibull distribution and the results are compared with and without CQD treatment. Results are also compared with conventional mineral oil. Addition of CQD treated insulative SiO2 nanofillers show good insulation performance than semiconductive T iO2 nanofillers. The overall results clearly indicate the positive influence of CQD treatment on SiO2/TiO2 nanoparticles at lower %wt (0.01%wt) concentration of nanofillers and clearly show the suitability for MV transformer insulation applications. Keywords Carbon quantum dots · Nanofluid · Natural esters · Lightning impulse · Breakdown voltage · Partial discharge
1 Introduction In recent times, natural esters are frequently preferred for distribution transformers, motivated by their environmental friendly characteristics [1, 2]. Beroual et al. [3] have shown that breakdown strength of natural esters before aging is close to mineral oils, whereas after aging natural esters keep the breakdown strength even better than mineral oils. Thien et al. [4] studied the positive and negative polarity lightning * S. Chandrasekar [email protected] 1
Department of Electrical Power, Nizwa College of Technology, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
2
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SonaPERT R&D Centre, Sona College of Technology, Salem 636005, India
3
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
4
Centre for Advanced Power Systems, CAPS, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
breakdown voltages of natural esters such as palm oil and coconut oil. Viet-Hung Dang et al. [5] have reported that since the relative permittivity of natural esters being closer to pressboard than mineral oil, the cress stress of natural ester impregnated pressboard is lower than mineral oil, which is positive especially for power transformers. However, the resistance o
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