A correlation study between weather and atmosphere with COVID-19 pandemic in Islamabad, Pakistan
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A correlation study between weather and atmosphere with COVID-19 pandemic in Islamabad, Pakistan Bilal Aslam1
•
Umer Khalil2 • Umar Azam3 • Ahsen Maqsoom2
Received: 28 July 2020 / Revised: 1 October 2020 / Accepted: 6 October 2020 Ó Korean Spatial Information Society 2020
Abstract The present research aims to investigate the association amid weather and the most recent pandemic of COVID-19 in Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan. The source of COVID-19 surveillance data for the secondary data analysis was the Pakistan’s Ministry of National Health Services Regulations and Coordination. The weather data obtained from the Pakistan Metrological Department (PMD) was exercised in this research. The components of weather include wind speed (m/s), precipitation level (mm), normal, mean, maximum, and minimum temperature (°C). For data analysis, a non-parametric correlation test was used due to the reason that normality was not satisfied. Precipitation level (r = - 0.285; p =0 .022), normal temperature (r = 0.293; p = 0.019) as well as the maximum temperature (r = 0.347; p = 0.005) were very much associated with COVID-19 virus. Pollution data (showing the concentration of NO2) of the specific region comprising the study area extracted from the Sentinel-5P satellite was also compared for the two years (2019 and & Bilal Aslam [email protected] Umer Khalil [email protected] Umar Azam [email protected] Ahsen Maqsoom [email protected] 1
Department of Earth Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
2
Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Wah Cantonment 47040, Pakistan
3
Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Wah Cantonment 47040, Pakistan
2020). Since the country will be entering to a new weather season, the conclusions may well assist the strategy and decision-makers in the deterrence of COVID-19. Keywords COVID-19 Health advisory Precipitation level Pollution data
1 Introduction A third major epidemic of coronavirus (CoV) infections is being faced by the world presently. In late 2019 a new CoV infection epidemic commenced in Wuhan, Hubei, China, which was initially called 2019-nCoV [1]. The Chinese administration, on the 7 of January 2020, declared a novel sort of pneumonia, coronavirus, with a complicated etiology [2]. Barely three months following the advent of this severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2), it was affirmed as a global pandemic owing to its quick spread. The COVID-19 pandemic was affirmed as the Sixth Public Health of Emergency Services (SPHEC) by the World Health Organization (WHO) on the 30 of January 2020 [3]. On the 11 of February 2020, it was renamed as COVID-19 by the WHO. The infection comprised asymptomatic or symptomatic manifestations, where a hefty percentage (80%) of infections are insignificant or asymptomatic (no pneumonia manifestations) [4]. Slight to moderate respiratory illnesses, for instance, shortness of breath, coughing, and fever, are suff
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