A Design and Development of a Wireless Sensor Network for Potential Monitoring and Localization
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
A Design and Development of a Wireless Sensor Network for Potential Monitoring and Localization Nurul Amira Mohd Ramli1 · Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman1 · Muhammad Faiz Abdul Malik1 · Latifah Munirah Kamarudin1 · Latifah Mohamed2 · Ammar Zakaria1 · Mohammed Saeed Moqbel Abdullah1 Received: 4 February 2020 / Revised: 10 July 2020 / Accepted: 7 August 2020 © The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2020
Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) from the radio frequency signals for human identification in an indoor wireless sensor network (WSN). Instead of using closed-circuit television as the existing security platform, this indoor safety system was improved with a convenient, cheap, and low-power solution. The system was developed using 20 of ESP8266-12F Wi-Fi modules transmitters and another 2 of ESP8266-12F as the access points located in 3 m × 3 m area of interest. With a suitable coordinate of sensor nodes, a WSN telemetry could be established to minimize the blind spot area and limit the movement of the intruder with a minimum area of 0.2 m2. The RSSI measurement was repeatedly conducted for three different conditions, in an empty room, with the presence of a single intruder and the presence of multiple intruders. Based on the RSSI values, we found that there are distinctive features of data that can be utilized as flags for classifying the three above conditions. Besides that, to justify the efficiency of system performance, we also examined the sensitivity of RSSI values towards the variation of temperature. Our results show that the RSSI average values for both morning and night were practically the same. However, during the afternoon, the RSSI signal strength fluctuated by − 1.0 dBm. These results motivate the development of an alarm system that only uses the RSSI statistics to detect human presence. Keywords Indoor localization · Human detection · Received signal strength indicator (RSSI)
1 Introduction For security purposes, effective real-time monitoring and investigation allow the security system to secure locations and support post-event incident. The conventional security system, mostly closed-circuit television (CCTV), could only record the past and present videos without alerting or providing a feedback signal if there was any significant interference or movement occurred before the event. Furthermore, the real challenges of CCTV cameras are the blind spot, privacy issues related to law authorities as well as the cost of the installation [1, 2]. Therefore, the implementation of RF-based approaches, specifically in the monitoring system, * Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman [email protected] 1
Centre of Excellent for Advanced Sensor Technology (CEASTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
School of Electrical System Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
2
such as human presence detection, has received significant research attention since it is practical, 100% sensitive,
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