Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Network Design and Simulation for Water Environment Monitoring
In recent years, flooding in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam has become more and more serious, it affects much the lives and economics of the citizens. There are some reasons which caused this situation; among them the unfavorable natural conditions like rainfa
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Abstract In recent years, flooding in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam has become more and more serious, it affects much the lives and economics of the citizens. There are some reasons which caused this situation; among them the unfavorable natural conditions like rainfall, tide, are the crucial one. It is the reason why to build an intelligent network which is suitable for data collection precisely, rapidly and timely for water environment monitoring is essential. While traditional networks spend much money and effort to ensure continuous information in specific regions, Wireless Sensor Network is best known its advantages such as low cost, reliable and accurate over long term and required no real maintenance. Our contribution is that to build a network topology with suitable hardware and Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) routing protocol in order to reduce energy consumption of whole network and prolong network life time. Fact has shown that LEACH protocol achieves a factor of 8–15 % energy improvement compared to direct transmissions. Keywords Wireless sensor network Network lifetime
LEACH protocol Energy consumption
1 Introduction A wireless sensor network consists of sensor nodes deployed over a geographical area for monitoring physical phenomena like water level, temperature. For a wireless sensor network design, to select a network topology and hardware are two N. T. H. Doanh (&) N. T. Duc School of Electrical Engineering, Vietnam National University—International University, Vietnam, China e-mail: [email protected] N. T. Duc e-mail: [email protected]
J. J. (Jong Hyuk) Park et al. (eds.), Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 240, DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6738-6_110, Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht(Outside the USA) 2013
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main points need to be considered for purpose of network energy efficient [1]. In traditional design, a network is designed with distance between nodes about 50–100 m. This means we have to use hundreds even thousands nodes to monitor a stage of a river. This, actually, is challenge because it required much money and time to maintain a huge system. Hence, firstly, a suitable hardware is chosen to guarantee transmission range at least from 2000 to 2500 m, saving energy and increasing network lifetime. After a long time study and test existed hardware in cutting edge technology, a table below makes a comparison some hardware [2]. MRF24J40 MB (Microchip ZigBee)
CC1110 (Texas Instrument)
CC1120 (Texas Instrument)
Standard Data rate Output power Received sensitivity
IEEE 802.15.4 250 Kbps +20 dBm -102 dBm (at 250 Kbps)
Frequency band
ISM band (industrial, scientific and medical band) 25 mA/130 mA
TI proprietary 1.2–500 Kbps 10–12 dBm -110 dBm (at 1.2 kBaud) -94 dBm (at 250 kBaud) 868/915 MHz ISM band 20.4 mA/ 36.2 mA
IEEE 802.15.4 g 200 Kbps +16 dBm -123 dBm (at 1.2 kbps) -110 dBm (at 50 kbps) 868 MHz ISM band 22 mA/45 mA
Max. current consumption (RX/TX)
It can be concl
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