A Detailed Reaction Kinetic Model of Heavy Naphtha Reforming
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RESEARCH ARTICLE-CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
A Detailed Reaction Kinetic Model of Heavy Naphtha Reforming Zaidoon M. Shakor1 · Adnan A. AbdulRazak1 · Khalid A. Sukkar1 Received: 22 June 2019 / Accepted: 20 January 2020 © King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 2020
Abstract A detailed reaction kinetic model was developed to describe heavy naphtha reforming reactions. The kinetic model involved 32 lumps and 132 reactions; the lumps were one to 11 carbon atoms n-paraffins, four to 11 carbon atoms iso-paraffins, methylcyclopentene, and six to 11 carbon atoms for naphthenes and aromatics. All computations in the present study were predicted using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method coded by MATLAB 2015a software. This optimization method was used to estimate the optimum set of kinetic parameters of heavy naphtha reforming reactions. All 150 kinetic and deactivation parameters that were predicted in this work were fine-tuned using PSO. The proposed kinetic model was validated by benchmarking the model results with the data collected over 5 years for a commercial naphtha reforming unit. The mean absolute error for all component compositions within the process was found to be 0.0079. The catalyst deactivation rate was also predicted. It was found that catalyst activity decayed to 58.8% after 1225 operating days. Keywords Kinetic model · Heavy naphtha reforming · Deactivation · Particle swarm optimization List of Symbols A, B, C, D Constants of specific heat polynomial Ac Reactor cross-sectional area (m2) a Catalyst activity coefficient CP Specific heat (kJ/kmol K) Dp Catalyst pellet diameter (m) EA Activation energy (J/mol) Fi Species i molar flow rate (kmol/hr) G Mass flux (kg/m2 s) Hj Enthalpy (kJ/kmol) Hfo Standard enthalpy of formation (kJ/kmol) gc Acceleration due to gravity (m/s2) I Component i j Reaction j kio Pre-exponential factor ki Reaction rate constant (kmol h−1) kd Catalyst deactivation rate constant (day−1) MCP Methylcyclopentene Pi Component i partial pressure (bar) Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-020-04376-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Adnan A. AbdulRazak [email protected] 1
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
Pt Reactor pressure (bar) R Gas constant (J/mol K) r Reaction rate (kmol/kg cat h) S Reaction stoichiometry T Reaction temperature (K) To Reference temperature (K) w Catalyst weight (kg) y Mole fraction Z Length of reactor (m) ∆HRj Heat of jth reaction (kJ/kmol) Greek Letters 𝜀b Void fraction of reactor bed (m3/m3) α Power of pressure effect 𝜇 Viscosity (kg/m s) ρ Density (kg/m3) ρcat Catalyst density (kg/m3)
1 Introduction Naphtha reformate is the main feedstock for a gasoline blending unit. The reformate octane number relates directly to the isomer and aromatic compositions. The naphtha reforming process is one of the most effective methods to increase the isomers and aromatics in
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