A Dual-Band Transformer-Coupled Notch Filter Mixer for 2.45-/5.2-GHz WLAN Application
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A Dual-Band Transformer-Coupled Notch Filter Mixer for 2.45-/5.2-GHz WLAN Application Yoke Theng Wong1 · Harikrishnan Ramiah1
· Nandini Vitee1
Received: 8 July 2019 / Revised: 18 October 2020 / Accepted: 22 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This paper presents a dual-band down-conversion mixer with image rejection feature using transformer-coupled notch filter for 2.45-/5.2-GHz WLAN application. A single center-tapped transformer is integrated to form two differential series inductor–capacitor (LC) resonators as a filter circuit to create attenuation at the image frequencies in eliminating the signal distortion caused by the image signals. Furthermore, an NMOS cross-coupled pair was adopted in the notch filter to improve the image rejection capability due to the presence of negative resistance. Simulated on a standard 130nm CMOS process, the proposed transformer-coupled notch filter mixer achieves a conversion gain of 15.3/10.7 dB, input-referred third-order interception point (IIP3) of − 6.8/− 2.0 dBm and a noise figure of 8.8/14.8 dB for an input RF of 2.45/5.2 GHz with an IF of 500 MHz. The notch filter mixer consumes 5.5 mW of power from a supply voltage of 1.2 V. Keywords Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) · Down-conversion mixer · Image rejection · Notch filter · Transformer
1 Introduction Wireless local area network (WLAN) has emerged as a widely adopted communication framework due to their ease of installation and usage [5]. The adoption of WLAN has become a necessity as many electronic devices today are fitted with wire-
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Harikrishnan Ramiah [email protected] Yoke Theng Wong [email protected] Nandini Vitee [email protected]
1
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing
(a)
(b) Fig. 1 Mixer in an RF front-end receiver. a Conventional. b Proposed notch filter mixer
less access technology for WLAN 802.11a/ac/b/g/n app-location where the 2.45 GHz (2.4–2.484 GHz) and 5.2 GHz (5.15–5.35 GHz) bands are commonly used. The design of mixer for frequency translation in the front end of receiver chain appears to be challenging in meeting the design specification when adopting low-cost integrated complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology [4]. The downscaling trend of CMOS technology in voltage supply reduction and high-field mobility effects results in the increase in demand for high-linearity radiofrequency (RF) circuit to align with the rapid growth of wireless communication system [9]. Thereby, the mixer of high linearity is required to maintain the integrity of the fundamental RF signal in the receiver chain to improve the reliability of the wireless communication system. The emergence of an image signal, which is located at 2IF away from the fundamental RF signal, desensitizes the receiver chain as the image signal can be down-converted to the same interme
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