Analysis of Mixer Designs for Obtaining Stable Emulsions and Developing a Confusor-Diffuser Mixer Reactor
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ANALYSIS OF MIXER DESIGNS FOR OBTAINING STABLE EMULSIONS AND DEVELOPING A CONFUSOR-DIFFUSER MIXER REACTOR N. A. Samoilov, A. M. Kalimgulova, and M. Zh. Baimenov
UDC 614.8
Features of the mixing of heterophase liquids with formation of emulsions and designs of static mixers are considered. Partitioned confusor-diffuser diaphragm mixers comprise sections consisting of diffuser, cylinder, and confusor elements. A partitioned mixer design having sections consisting of a confusor, cylinder, and diffuser is proposed. The proposed mixer provides more intensive flow turbulence, as shown by an increase in the Reynolds number, compared to that of other designs of static mixers. Keywords: mixing of heterophase liquids, emulsification, static mixers, confusor-diffuser mixers, sectioned mixers, flow turbulence.
The mixing of liquids insoluble in each other represents one of the important technological methods necessary for the implementation of interface processes. In particular, these processes include extraction separation (widely used in industry) and chemical processes using insoluble reagents. From the point of view of physical and chemical concepts, the transfer of one of the flows entering the apparatus into a dispersed state implies a complex process determined both by the hydrodynamic characteristics of the continuous and dispersed phases, as well as by the force fields in the apparatus. At the interface boundary, it is necessary to take into account the importance of surface tension forces and observe the continuity conditions for the tangential and normal components of the velocity and shear stresses, as well as the balance of the difference between the normal stresses on the droplet surface and surface forces. For the formation of homogeneous emulsions with high-quality dispersion of the liquid phase, it is necessary to create equipment that implements this process with a minimum of energy consumption. These apparatus include a variety of static mixers with the mixing of flows provided primarily due to the hydrodynamic design features [1]. In terms of design features, static mixers can be conditionally combined into 3 classes including hollow cylindrical, diaphragm, and cylindrical with internal devices (turbulizers, nozzles). In order to facilitate intensification of mixing, tubular confusor-diffuser reactors are of particular interest (Fig.1) [4], despite the complexity of their experimental study and mathematical modeling [5, 6]. In [7], the problem of determining the optimal number of confusor-diffuser sections (with a diffuser– cylinder–confusor sequence of the section elements) in a turbulent reactor for polymer synthesis with the assumption of replacing (to simplify the solution of the problem) the diffuser and confusor with the elements of “sharp expansion” and “sharp narrowing”, respectively, is considered and practically applied to a laboratoryscale apparatus (for example, the diameter of the confusor and diffuser at the outlet was 0.014 and 0.025 m, respectively). For such an apparatus, the optimal numbe
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