A dual-slice k-t approach for highly accelerated flow MRI
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WORKSHOP PRESENTATION
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A dual-slice k-t approach for highly accelerated flow MRI Daniel Giese1,2*, Tobias Schaeffter2, Sebastian Kozerke1,2 From 15th Annual SCMR Scientific Sessions Orlando, FL, USA. 2-5 February 2012 Summary We propose the combination of k-t undersampling with a dual slice excitation approach. The dual slice excitation and reconstruction principle is incorporated into the k-t SENSE reconstruction framework, allowing a doubling of the net acceleration factor when acquiring two slices as compared to acquiring two separate undersampled slices. Background Phase contrast MRI has limited practical value in clinical applications due to its inherently long scan times [Kilner,JCMR’07]. Parallel imaging[Pruessmann, MRM’01] and spatio-temporal constrained reconstruction techniques[Tsao,MRM’03] have been shown beneficial[Baltes,MRM’05]. Dual slice approaches have shown advantages as compared to standard SENSE when multiple and sufficiently separated slices are acquired[Breuer, MRM’10]. We present a combination of dual slice excitation with undersampled flow imaging by modifying the k-t SENSE reconstruction framework to include sensitivity information in through-slice direction. Methods The dual slice excitation was performed using a cosine modulated sinc pulse. A FOV/2 shift of one slice in phase encoding direction was achieved by alternating the phase of the RF pulse along the phase encoding direction. Dual slice k-t undersampled data was acquired in a healthy volunteer in a single breathhold using a 32 channel coil array. The transversal slices were separated by 120cm, one was placed at the level of the pulmonary artery, the other one at the level of the liver. Slices were flow encoded with a velocity encoding of 200cm/s. Prior 1 Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
to reconstruction, the training data was SENSEunfolded. The k-t unfolding was modified and expanded by incorporating the dimension of the two acquired slices resulting in a single inversion process with doubled matrix size as compared to single slice k-t reconstruction (Figure 1). A nominal acceleration factor of R=5 was chosen with 11 training profiles (net acceleration factor of 3.6 per slice totaling 7.2 for the dual slice acquisition). For comparison, reference fully sampled as well as undersampled acquisitions of each seperate slice were acquired. Root mean squared errors (RMSE) of the flow profiles (in ml/s and % of the maximum flow) were calculated for dual slice k-t SENSE and single slice k-t SENSE.
Results Figure 2 shows k-t dual-slice unfolded magnitude and phase images. Temporal behavior and flow quantification are demonstrated by flow curves of the ascending aorta in the upper slice and the descending aorta in both slices. Reference flow curves along with single slice k-t SENSE and the proposed dual slice k-t approach are plotted showing similar temporal behaviors. RMSE with respect to fully sampled da
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