A facile synthesis of nitrogen-doped bamboo-shaped carbon nanotubes by catalytic decomposition of 2-aminopyrimidine over
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ORIGINAL PAPER
A facile synthesis of nitrogen‑doped bamboo‑shaped carbon nanotubes by catalytic decomposition of 2‑aminopyrimidine over Fe@ MgO catalyst through chemical vapor deposition method Ebrahim Rezaii1 · Mehrdad Mahkam1 · Mohammad Ghaleh Assadi1 · Hadi Dolati1 Received: 3 July 2020 / Accepted: 20 August 2020 © Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences 2020
Abstract In this work, nitrogen-doped bamboo-shaped carbon nanotube (nitrogen-doped CNT) was prepared using the Chemical Vapor Deposition Method (CVD). For the first time, 2-aminopyrimidine (a carbon and nitrogen resources) was used as a precursor over Fe@MgO catalyst and employed in CVD. The prepared CNT was characterized via elemental analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The amount of nitrogen in the prepared CNT was about 5.8%. The FT-IR spectrum reveals the presence of C–N and C = N bonds in the prepared CNT structure. The prepared CNT has bamboo-like structure with a diameter of less than 100 nm. Keywords Chemical vapor deposition method · Nitrogen doped · Bamboo-shaped carbon nanotubes · 2-Aminopyrimidine
Introduction In recent years, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted attentions because of its unique features such as large surface area, high crystalline, intrinsic conductivity, advanced mass transfer, mechanical properties and so on (Avouris 2002; Kreupl et al. 2002). In addition, CNTs can be employed as catalyst or catalyst supports (Keller et al. 2002; Serp et al. 2003). To expand the range of applications, physicochemical properties can be tuned via chemical modification of CNTs. This can be fulfilled by elemental doping or incorporating heteroatoms, particularly boron, phosphor, sulphide, nitrogen, etc. within the CNTs structure. These doping processes might also change the chemistry and behavior of these materials particularly in catalysis fields since the heteroatoms with special electron configurations would repel or attract electrons in neighboring carbon atoms, providing active sites for several types of reactions (Rao et al. 2010). Substitutions of carbons by nitrogens in CNTs were done in 1997. This was achieved by the pyrolysis of aza aromatics * Mehrdad Mahkam [email protected] 1
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
such as triazine and pyridine on “Co” nano-particles under an argon atmosphere. The higher temperature of pyrolysis the less content of nitrogen was observed. Higher yields of nitrogen-doped CNTs were achieved by pyrolysis of a mixture of pyridine and Fe(CO)5 under argon and H2 atmosphere (Panchakarla et al. 2010; Sen et al. 1997). In this method, the iron nano-particles produced by the de-composition of Fe(CO)5, act as nucleating centers for the CNTs growth. Nitrogen-doped CNTs have attracted much attention because of enhanced conductivity in comparison with
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