A Fast-Degradable Nano-dressing with Potent Antibacterial Effect
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A Fast-Degradable Nano-dressing with Potent Antibacterial Effect Elham Zarenezhad 1 & Abbas Abdollahi 2 & Fariba Esmaeili 3 & Saha Satvati 4 & Mahmoud Osanloo 5 Accepted: 28 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this study, clove essential oil was used as a green antibacterial agent. Its nanoemulsion dosage form with particle size 217.7 ± 11.45 nm and PDI 0.66 ± 0.09 was first prepared. By adding carbomer 940, nanoemulsion was then transformed into the nanogel (NGel) to improve the essential oil’s activity and stability. Electrospun nanofibers of polyvinyl alcohol (PVANFs) with a mean diameter of 216 ± 14 nm were then prepared. The required characterizations such as ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, SEM image, and water contact angle were carried out. To easy usage topically, the NGel was impregnated on the PVANFs mat (NGelNFs). Interestingly, the prepared fast-degradable NGelNFs could inhibit (100%) the growth of four important pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumonia. Besides, the dressing was degraded after minutes of usage. The prepared GelNFs could be used as a capable and fast-degradable antibacterial substrate. Keywords Clove essential oil . Polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers . Electrospinning . Nanogel . Antibacterial activity
1 Introduction Nanotube, nanorod, and nanofibers (NF)s with a wide range of applications belong to the one-dimensional nanostructures [1, 2]. NFs possess unique properties such as small diameter, high surface area, small porosity, and high loading capacity [3, 4]. Among the developed methods, the electrospinning approach has been more attended to prepare NFs [5]; more than 100 different polymeric electrospun NFs have been reported so far [6]. Today, green electrospun NFs have been widely used in drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, wound dressing, and cosmetics [7, 8]. In the production of
* Mahmoud Osanloo [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
2
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
3
Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4
Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
5
Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
such materials, green polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), as well as green solvents (e.g., distilled water), were used [9]. PVA is a non-toxic and hydrophilic synthetic polymer from polyvinyl acetate. Due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, biodegradability, and thermal stability, it is commonly used to prepare medical devices, eye drops, contact lenses, and food packaging [10, 11]. Nowadays, scientists using such green NFs have been atte
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