A FVCOM study of the potential coastal flooding in apponagansett bay and clarks cove, Dartmouth Town (MA)
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A FVCOM study of the potential coastal flooding in apponagansett bay and clarks cove, Dartmouth Town (MA) Zhuo Zhang1,2 · Changsheng Chen3 · Zhiyao Song1,2 · Dong Zhang1,2 · Di Hu1,2 · Fei Guo1,2 Received: 21 November 2018 / Accepted: 4 June 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract A high-resolution Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM) inundation model has been developed for Dartmouth Town near Apponagansett Bay and Clarks Cove. Series of modeling experiments were conducted for the purpose of: (1) Assess the potential impacts of the climate-induced Sea Level Rise (SLR) on the storm-induced coastal inundation in Dartmouth Town; (2) Compare the current patterns, wave fields and surge distributions under different dynamic forces including winds in different directions and wave-current interaction; (3) Evaluate the impact of the bank on the flooding protection. Results show that under the hundred-year nor’easter storm condition, the climate-induced SLR could significantly enlarge possible flooding areas with the percent area enlargement of approximately 60% per foot of SLR. The directions of wind essentially determine the feature of the current patterns, wave and surge distributions. The northeasterly and easterly winds mainly threaten the western coast of the bay and the estuarine areas, and the southerly and southeasterly winds endanger the regions around the inner part of the bay. Wave-current interaction can change the current pattern nearshore, including formation of eddies and narrow alongshore currents, greatly enhancing the strength and complexity of the currents near the mouth of the bay. In addition, wave-induced surge tends to accumulate in the bay and near the estuary and coastal regions. The bank blocks a large amount of flooding current and waves into the bay and improves the local current and wave condition effectively near the mouth and in the bay. Keywords Coastal flooding · Inundation · Surge · Wave-current interaction · Sea level rise · Storm
* Zhuo Zhang [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China
2
Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China
3
School for Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth, New Bedford, MA 02744, USA
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Natural Hazards
1 Introduction Coastal inundation is defined as flooding of normally dry land caused generally by some combination of heavy rains, high river discharge, tides, wind waves, storm surges, and tsunami wave trains. Hurricanes (tropical cyclones) and nor’easters (extratropical cyclones) are two major storm systems for flood risk along the Massachusetts coast (Zhang et al. 2000). Serious coastal inundation usually happens when combined wind waves and storm surges coincide with high tides (Bernier and Thompson 2006; Chen et al. 2013; Beardsley et al. 2013). For example, the August 18–19 1991 Hurricane Bob-generate
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