Combining Arc-GIS and OWA model in flooding potential analysis (case study: Meshkinshahr city)
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Combining Arc‑GIS and OWA model in flooding potential analysis (case study: Meshkinshahr city) Ata Ghaffari Gilandeh1 · Behrooz Sobhani1 · Elnaz Ostadi2 Received: 8 November 2016 / Accepted: 24 April 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract “Streets have been turned into rivers”; this is a news headline which we have been hearing more often recently and refers to the floodwaters flowing into cities. Therefore, the present research is aimed to analyze the flooding potential in Meshkinshahr city (located at the northwest of Iran) using ordered weighted average model, which is one of the multi-criteria analysis techniques with high flexibility in decision-making and allows the researcher to evaluate different scenarios by choosing ordinal weights within an interval of full risk-taking and full risk aversion. In this research, eight criteria were used as inputs for this model. Initial preparation of the criteria was performed by Arc GIS software as well as Arc Hydro and ArcCN-Runoff tools. Then, in the next steps, data were imported to IDRISI software. By assigning 3 ordinal weights (ANDness, ORness, and Trade-off) to the model, the outputs were obtained. Finally, significance of the model in this field was revealed and the flooding potential was presented for the considered area in the form of maps in proportion to the selected ordinal weights with a valuation domain. Keywords Meshkinshahr city · OWA technique · Arc GIS · Flooding potential
1 Introduction Flooding is a phenomenon during which the river flow and water level increase in an unexpected manner and cause financial and bodily losses (Alizadeh 2008). There are few people who have not witnessed waterlogged passages, or even worse, the runoff in big cities. However, today, more than half of the world’s total population (54%) is living in cities and is expected to further increase (about 66% by 2050): approximately 90% of population
* Elnaz Ostadi [email protected] Ata Ghaffari Gilandeh [email protected] Behrooz Sobhani [email protected] 1
Department of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Mohaghegh Ardabali, Ardabil, Iran
2
Faculty of Planning and Environmental Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Natural Hazards
increase in the cities will occur in Asia and Africa (Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2014). Among the consequences of this advanced urbanization and climate changes is the increased flooding frequency within the cities as well as intensification of destructive effects of this phenomenon in urban spaces in recent decades (Notaro et al. 2014). A simple and concise definition of urban flooding is as follows: Urban flooding is the water mass beyond the drainage capacity of a city which results in its destruction and damage (Ghahroudi 2008). In recent years, due to the increase in the construction of impermeable surfaces, urban flooding loss per unit area has increased (Deng 2012; Wang et al. 2008). This phenomenon is considered the most common natural hazard, not only in developing cou
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