A geomorphological response of beaches to Typhoon Meari in the eastern Shandong Peninsula in China
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A geomorphological response of beaches to Typhoon Meari in the eastern Shandong Peninsula in China DING Dong1, YANG Jichao1, 2*, LI Guangxue1, DADA Olusegun A1, 3, GONG Lixin1, WANG Nan1, WANG Xiangdong1, ZHANG Bin1 1 College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China 2 National Deep Sea Center, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China 3 Department of Marine Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure 340252, Nigeria
Received 23 November 2014; accepted 16 March 2015 ©The Chinese Society of Oceanography and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015
Abstract
Eight representative beach profiles on the eastern coast of the Shandong Peninsula are observed and measured in 2011 and 2012 to determine the coastal processes under the lower tropical wind speed condition and the beach response to and recovery from the tropical storm Meari in a rare typhoon region. The results show that it is the enhancement and directional change of cross-shore and longshore sediment transports caused by Meari that leads to the beach morphological changes, and most of the sediment transports occur during the pre-Meari landing phase. The erosional scarp formation and the berm or beach face erosion are the main geomorphological responses of the beaches to the storm. The storm characteristics are more important than the beach shapes in the storm response process of the beaches on Shandong Peninsula. The typhoon is a fortuitous strong dynamic event, and the effect on the dissipative beach is more obvious than it is on the reflective beach in the study region. Furthermore, the beach trend is the main factor that controlls the storm effect intensity, and it is also closely related to the recovery of the beach profiles. Key words: beach, typhoon, geomorphological response, Shandong Peninsula in China Citation: Ding Dong, Yang Jichao, Li Guangxue, Dada Olusegun A, Gong Lixin, Wang Nan, Wang Xiangdong, Zhang Bin. 2015. A geomorphological response of beaches to Typhoon Meari in the eastern Shandong Peninsula in China. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 34(9): 126–135, doi: 10.1007/s13131-015-0644-5
1 Introduction A typhoon has the potential to modify the beach morphology within a short period of time (Jiménez et al., 2012; Sherman et al., 2013). This short-term change is the resultant of the wind-induced wave and water accretion caused by the typhoon, which alters the material balance (Switzer and Jones, 2008) and causes sediment redistribution between on shore and offshore areas (Coco et al., 2014). The beach response to storm forces is highly variable and includes the presence or absence of a dune system (Sallenger et al., 2006; Kennedy et al., 2010), construction or destruction of a barrier system (Fritz et al., 2007; Morton, 2008; Miner et al., 2009), overwash fan development (Wang and Horwitz, 2007; Feagin and Williams, 2008; Otvos, 2011), and nearshore bar modification (Wang and Horwitz, 2007; Feagin and Williams, 2008; Otvos, 2011). Some beaches respond quickly with attending strong morphological
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