11000-Year Record of Trace Metals in Sediments off the Southern Shandong Peninsula in the South Yellow Sea
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11000-Year Record of Trace Metals in Sediments off the Southern Shandong Peninsula in the South Yellow Sea QIU Jiandong1), 2), LIU Jinqing2), *, LI Meina1), CAO Ke1), WANG Shuang1), and YUE Nana3) 1) Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266071, China 2) Shandong Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization & Sedimentary Mineral, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China 3) First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao 266061, China (Received October 31, 2019; revised March 2, 2020; accepted April 28, 2020) © Ocean University of China, Science Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2020 Abstract Geochemical background values are the normal concentration of trace metals in the natural environment and sediment cores have been proved to be excellent samples to get these values. The trace metal (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Ni, Li, and Co) concentration profiles along a sediment core are investigated to get the background values and to assess the depositional processes and contamination levels off the southern Shandong Peninsula, China. All the metals, except As and Hg, had similar concentration profiles with the highest average values during the period of 6 – 3 kyr. The high concentrations of As and Hg occurred before 6ka and during the period of 3 – 0 kyr. The difference in metal concentrations before and after 6 kyr was mainly attributed to the source of core sediments, which are derived from proximal sediment on the Shandong Peninsula before 6 kyr and the mixture of proximal sediment and Yellow River sediment after 6 kyr. The effects of particle size and human activity were mainly contributed to the metal concentrations since 6 kyr. The average concentrations of trace elements in sediments between 6 and 3 kyr were selected as background values. The principal component factor analysis indicate that the metals were from the natural sources throughout the observed depositional period, with the exception of As and Hg, which may had anthropogenic sources for the sediments from the bottom 2 m of the core. Their geoaccumulation indices indicate that the sediments were not contaminated for Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Li and Co, whereas they were contaminated recently for As and Hg due to the regional civilization and human activities. Key words trace metals; core sediment; Shandong Peninsula; South Yellow Sea
1 Introduction With the development of human civilization, environmental pollution problems associated with heavy metals have spurred worldwide concern since the middle of last century. Trace metals possess various physical and chemical properties, and coastal sediments may act as their sinks or sources (Mao et al., 2010; Shen et al., 2012; Veerasingam et al., 2015). Both natural and anthropogenic sources, mainly industrial and agricultural activities, have inputted large amount of trace metals for coastal sediments, which directly influence coastal ecosystems (Liu et al., 2013; Cao et al., 2017; Qiu et al., 2018; Shen et al., 2018;
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