A GIS-based evaluation of hydrochemical characterisation of groundwater in hard rock region, South Tamil Nadu, India
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A GIS-based evaluation of hydrochemical characterisation of groundwater in hard rock region, South Tamil Nadu, India Balamurugan Panneerselvam 1 & Suresh Kumar Paramasivam 2 & Shankar Karuppannan 3 & Nagavinothini Ravichandran 4 & Pauline Selvaraj 5 Received: 2 May 2020 / Accepted: 30 July 2020 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2020
Abstract Groundwater is a major source for domestic and agricultural uses in Natham Taluk, Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu, India. The intention of this study is to determine the quality of groundwater for domestic and irrigation purposes in the hard rock region. Totally, 37 samples were collected and analysed for physical parameters that are pH, EC, TDS, TH, major cations and anions. Piper diagram shows that Ca-HCO3 and mixed Ca-Mg-Cl is the most prominent type of water. Gibbs diagram reveals that the higher concentrations of magnesium, sodium and potassium ions are accredited to geological sources such as rock-water interaction, ion exchange process and evaporation that are the major factors affecting the nature of groundwater. In view of irrigation indices, most of the sample locations are fit for irrigation use except magnesium hazard value. Additional statistical analysis, such as correlation and principal component analysis, was calculated using SPSS software. All results are indicated; weathering, rock-water interactions and anthropogenic activities are a significant factor that alters the existence of groundwater in the research area. Keywords Groundwater quality . Hard rock region . Domestic and irrigation purpose . Statistical analysis . Spatial interpolation
Introduction Groundwater plays a vital role in all living organisms and it decides the country’s economic development. It is utilised for domestic, agriculture and industrial purpose in India. The
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Recent advanced techniques in water resources management * Balamurugan Panneerselvam [email protected] 1
Department of Civil Engineering, M.Kumarasamy College of Engineering, Karur, India
2
Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering, Ariyalur, India
3
Department of Applied Geology, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
4
Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
5
Department of Civil Engineering, A.C College of Engineering and Technology, Karaikudi, India
quality and availability of groundwater are heterogeneously dispersed and differ from time to time (Venkatramanan et al. 2012, 2015). Hydrochemical characterisation of groundwater reveals that type of water, source of contamination and level of contamination describe the aquifer nature in a study area (Aghazadeh et al. 2017; Brhane 2018). In general, groundwater has a distinctive chemistry due to various processes such as rock-water interaction, horizontal movement of aquifers, expanded aquifer storage and disintegration of minerals from various s
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