A macrocyclic tetra-undecyl calix[4]resorcinarene thin film receptor for chemical vapour sensor applications
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
A macrocyclic tetra‑undecyl calix[4]resorcinarene thin film receptor for chemical vapour sensor applications S. Şen1 · F. Davis2 · R. Çapan3,4 · Z. Özbek5 · M. E. Özel6 · G. A. Stanciu7 Received: 5 August 2020 / Accepted: 26 August 2020 / Published online: 5 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract This work demonstrates the fabrication of chemical vapour sensors using Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) thin films, describing the thin film properties of a tetra-undecyl calix[4]resorcinarene molecule along with a discussion of their sensing performance. Atomic Force Microscopy and Surface Plasma Resonance (SPR) methods were used for the characterization of the deposited thin films. As evidenced by these characterization methods, high quality and uniform Langmuir monolayers were formed on the water surface and can be transferred onto glass and gold-coated glass substrates with a transfer ratio of over 95%. The gas sensing properties towards the vapours of four volatile organic compounds were also examined by the SPR technique. Tetra-undecyl calix[4]resorcinarene LB thin film is sensitive to organic vapours (benzene, chloroform, ethanol and toluene) with rapid response and recovery times, demonstrating promise towards future vapour detection applications, especially for the rapid detection of leaks or spillage. Keywords Calixarene · Langmuir–Blodgett thin film · Surface plasma resonance · Volatile organic compounds · Gas sensors
Introduction Within modern household, industrial and transport applications there is widespread use of a range of liquid hydrocarbons and other organic solvents. Many of these compounds are hazardous, they can be explosive, flammable or toxic and release of them can lead to immediate serious effects on human health and the environment. This has led to a need for rapid detection of leaks or spillages of these substances.
Many laboratory methods exist for this, usually based on some form of chromatography, spectroscopy or combined methods such as GCMS. However these can be time consuming and expensive, therefore many studies have been made towards development of cheap sensor chips which will determine the presence of these compounds. These require a selective component which will bind these organic compounds.
2
S. Şen [email protected]
Department of Engineering and Design, University of Chichester, Bognor Regis, Upper Bognor Road, West Sussex, UK
3
F. Davis [email protected]
Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
4
Z. Özbek [email protected]
Renewable Energy Research, Application and Development Center, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir 10145, Turkey
5
M. E. Özel [email protected]
Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
6
G. A. Stanciu [email protected]
Fatih Sultan Mehmet, Faculty of Engineering, Vakif University, Halıcıoglu, İstanbul, Turkey
7
Department of Physics, Center for Microscopy, Microanalysis and
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