A method for shifting of cattle dung based biogas digester for enhanced anaerobic co-digestion of cattle dung with leaf
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
A method for shifting of cattle dung based biogas digester for enhanced anaerobic co-digestion of cattle dung with leaf litter of neem M. B. Muhammad 1 & R. Chandra 2 & H. Payal 1 Received: 26 August 2020 / Revised: 11 November 2020 / Accepted: 19 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In India, many biogas plants process cattle dung (CD). At the same time, an excessive amount of litter of leaves is swept and burnt. The paper investigates small-scale integration of leaf litter of neem (LLN) to the operational CD-based biogas plant under mesophilic conditions. The introduction of LLN at the volatile solid ratio of 1:4 (LLN:CD) respectively increased daily biogas production, specific methane yield, and the resultant electrical energy by 13.11, 15.26, and 15.02% and reduced the proportion of CO2 by 5.85%. However, because of the energy required to pulverize the LLN in CD-LLN–based, the net percentage increase of the electrical energy dropped to 13.59%. CD-LLN–based reactor also produced 56.34% higher electrical energy per organic substrate added and performed well by 15.0% in terms of CO2 emission compared to CD-based. Digester performance was seriously unaffected during the transition stage. The study highlights another way of managing LLN and shifting anaerobic reactors from one feedstock to another. Keywords Leaf litter of neem . Acclimatization . Anaerobic digestion . Biogas production . Manometric method . Lignocellulosic biomass
1 Introduction Biomass-based feedstocks, like leaf litter of neem (LLN), produced from plants are of great interest in developing alternative energy sources. Biomass accounts for 10% of the world’s primary energy supply [1]. Forestry, in particular, generates over 87% of all the biomass feedstock [2]. Because of the global warming, waste disposal, energy costs, and the requirement for environmentally more certain treatment, the idea of waste-to-energy has received considerable attention over the past few decades. LLN is one such biomass. The tree grows rapidly and attains adulthood in 3 years, living a long productive life span of 145–
* M. B. Muhammad [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, India
2
Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India
200 years [3]. Because of the economic potential alongside the environmental benefit, its plantation is encouraged. An estimate of 80 million neem trees is found globally [4]. Contrarily, during the severe drought, it sheds its leaves as the organic waste to the environment. These kinds of biomass are unused in food processing industries nor as animal feed [5]. Although the natural decomposition of leafy biomass conveniently recycles nutrients to the terrestrial ecosystems, the process is slow and time-consuming. Leaf litter building up on the sidewalks and streets is inappropriate. It is e
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