Sustainable valorization of water primrose with cow dung for enhanced biogas production
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Sustainable valorization of water primrose with cow dung for enhanced biogas production Huyen Thu Thi Nong 1,2 & Yuwalee Unpaprom 2,3 & Kanda Whangchai 4 & Rameshprabu Ramaraj 1,2 Received: 28 August 2020 / Revised: 25 September 2020 / Accepted: 2 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this study, the effects of alkaline pretreatment (2% NaOH) of water primrose on its biogas production efficiency and anaerobic co-digestion of cow dung were investigated. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to analyze the changes in main compositions and physico-chemical structure of water primrose after pretreatment and untreated biomass. Furthermore, the experiments evaluate the efficiency and optimization mixing ratio of co-digestion using water primrose and cow dung. The pretreatment of water primrose at different periods for the examination of the biodegradability matters in the substrate and biogas production. Among the three mixing ratios of co-substrate tested, the best performance in this study was achieved at mixing ratio 2:1 (water primrose to cow dung, w/w) for 2 weeks’ pretreatment time on grass, including all measurements as biogas production (8610 mL), methane concentration (68.2%), and percentage of total solids (70.84%), volatile solids (64.76%), and chemical oxygen demand (66.55%) removal efficiency. Keywords Water primrose . Cow dung . Pretreatment . Biogas production . Energy analysis
1 Introduction Currently, energy resources and the environment have increased interest and this study concerns regarding alternative sources of energy. Fossil fuels play a significant role in the development of various industries, transportations, agriculture sectors, and to meet many other basic human needs in modern civilization [1, 2]. However, the more fossil fuels use, the more toxic gases produce on the environment, such as CO2, SOX, and NOx, which is the primary source of greenhouse gases [3, 4]. Therefore, it is necessary to find out renewable energy to replace energy sources derived from fossil fuels. In
* Rameshprabu Ramaraj [email protected]; [email protected] 1
School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
2
Sustainable Resources and Sustainable Engineering Research Lab, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
3
Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
4
Center of Excellence in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
this context, the anaerobic digestion process could be a better option. Furthermore, this is one of the solutions to solve the biomass waste problems from crops, agricultural waste, industrial waste, food waste, chicken waste, or animal wastes [5, 6]. Compared with other renewable energy (such as solar, wind, hydro energy), the anaerobic digestion of biomass was involved less capital investment. In addition, available biomass sources can easily be found in rural areas. It i
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