A Mg 2+ /Li + hybrid-ion battery based on MoS 2 prepared by solvothermal synthesis with ionic liquid assistance
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A Mg2+/Li+ hybrid‑ion battery based on MoS2 prepared by solvothermal synthesis with ionic liquid assistance Salomé M. de la Parra‑Arciniega1 · Edgar González‑Juárez1 · Rubi A. Hernández‑Carrillo1 · Ricardo Briones‑Martínez1 · Rosa Martha Jiménez‑Barrera2 · Nora Aleyda Garcia‑Gómez1 · Eduardo M. Sánchez1 Received: 22 April 2020 / Accepted: 17 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A simple solvothermal process was developed to synthesize expanded layered M oS2 with ionic liquid (IL) addition. The samples were systematically investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. Electrochemical performances were evaluated in CR2032 coin-type cells in magnesium-ion batteries and lithium–magnesium hybrid-ion batteries. This demonstrated the presence of ionic liquid in the reaction media that favors the formation of MoS2 flower-like architectures, increasing the specific surface area and the electrochemical performances as a cathode in Li+/Mg2+ batteries.
1 Introduction Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are mobile devices used in portable, mobile, and vehicle applications [1]. The incorporation of graphite as an anodic material and the use of lithium metal oxides, such as L iCoO2, place LIBs as the leading battery system [2]. However, there are concerns about their reserves and future prices [3], and this in addition to their energy density and safety remains to be improved [4]. For this reason, new energy storage systems have emerged that promise to meet current energy demands; an example of this is rechargeable magnesium-ion (MIB) batteries. Magnesium is the seventh element in abundance on earth; therefore, this does not represent a supply problem or high production cost as observed with lithium. On the other hand, it is a stable element in the atmosphere and benign with the environment. Its divalent nature allows the batteries to reach higher specific capacity (2205 mAh g −1) and higher volumetric Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04034-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Eduardo M. Sánchez [email protected] 1
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 66451 San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Mexico
Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna No. 140, Col. San José de los Cerritos, 25294 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
2
capacity (3833 mAh cm−3), compared to LIB’s [5]. From a safety perspective, magnesium does not produce dendrites on the metal surface during charge/discharge processes [6, 7], because it has a lower electrochemical potential reduction (− 2.4 V vs. SHE), resulting in magnesium batteries being easier to handle and safer [8]. Advances have been made to improve the MIB’s electrochemical performance by using active materials with higher redox potential, cyclability, and stability
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