A Midterm Road Map for Advanced Technologies Integration in Transmission Networks
This chapter introduces the main trends which drive present and future changes of the transmission systems, as well as the new opportunities raised by advanced transmission technologies. It then details a case study for Europe: a TSO-targeted technology r
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A Midterm Road Map for Advanced Technologies Integration in Transmission Networks S. Galant, A. Vafe´as, T. Pagano, E. Peirano, G. Migliavacca, and A. L’Abbate
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Evolving Electricity Transmission Systems Europe
Since the early stage of electricity development, network designs have relied on demand forecasting, thus allowing the sizing of: • The centralised generation units • The transmission network, which carries electricity over long distances at high voltages • The distribution network, which brings electrical power down to the end-user sites through low-voltage lines Over the years, thanks to an interconnected Pan-European transmission network, power plants with increasing nominal power could be exploited in all power systems all over Europe, in order to lower the cost of energy generation. Table 1.1 summarises the sequence of directives which have progressively shaped the national European energy markets as they work today. It is the 2003 directive on internal electricity markets which has led to the progressive transformation of vertically integrated electricity companies into four sets of separate but interacting players: generators and retailers who are free-market players and transmission and distribution network operators who are regulated players.
S. Galant (*) • A. Vafe´as • T. Pagano • E. Peirano Technofi, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France e-mail: [email protected] G. Migliavacca • A. L’Abbate RSE S.p.A., Milan, Italy e-mail: [email protected] G. Migliavacca (ed.), Advanced Technologies for Future Transmission Grids, Power Systems, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4471-4549-3_1, # Springer-Verlag London 2013
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Table 1.1 Summary of EU directives which have shaped the Pan-European transmission system Regulations and European directives dealing with energy matters Reference
Title
Directive 1996/92/EC Directive 2003/54/EC Directive 2003/55/EC Regulation N 1228/2003 Regulation N 1775/2005 Directive 2004/8/EC Directive 2005/32/EC Directive 2005/89/EC
Common rules for the internal electricity market Common rules for the internal electricity market Common rules for the internal gas market Network access conditions for cross-boundary electricity exchanges Access conditions to the gas transport network Promotion of cogeneration based on the EU heat internal demand Specifications regarding eco-design of energy-using products Measures to safeguard security of electricity supply and infrastructure investment End-use energy efficiency and energy services Second directive on the promotion of renewable energy sources SET Plan document 22 November 2007 COM(2007) 723 final
Directive 2006/32/EC Directive 2009/28/EC Strategic energy technology plan Directive 2009/72/EC
Common rules for the internal market in electricity and repealing Directive 2003/54/EC
The 2007 European Commission [17] “integrated energy and climate change package” has led all the European member states to share a first set of ambitious targets by 2020, namely: • 20% reduction of GHG emissions (when compared to 1
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