A monitoring of the spatial and temporal evolutions of aridity in northern Algeria
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ORIGINAL PAPER
A monitoring of the spatial and temporal evolutions of aridity in northern Algeria Oussama Derdous 1,2
&
Hamza Bouguerra 3 & Salah Eddine Tachi 2 & Ali Bouamrane 1,4
Received: 30 March 2020 / Accepted: 20 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In order to enhance the understanding of the potential impact of climate change on water availability in the North of Algeria, the spatial and temporal evolutions of the De Martonne aridity index and the Pinna combinative index during the 1980–2018 period were investigated in the present study. The temporal trends in the aridity index time series were examined using the Mann– Kendall and Sen’s slope estimator tests, while the spatial interpolation of the aridity indices and their trends were conducted in a geographic information system environment using the Inverse Distance Weighting technique. The most important outcomes of this study are that the De Martonne aridity index is more appropriate for climate classification in the North of Algeria and that there were no statistically significant aridity changes in most regions during the studied period even though two regional behaviors with respect to aridity index trends were identified in the study area.
1 Introduction Global climate change and global warming have attracted the attention of governmental agencies and researchers all around the world since the beginning of the last century. The main cause of the recent global warming is the increase of greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere, e.g., atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions increased by 40%, methane (CH4) by 150%, and nitrous oxide (N2O) by 20% since the start of the industrial era (Tian et al. 2016). While, the main sources of the atmosphere pollution by these gases are industry, transportation, and the expansion of cultivated lands (Montzka et al. 2011). As the world warms, rainfall generally increases since increased temperatures will lead to greater evaporation
* Oussama Derdous [email protected] 1
Department of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Kasdi Merbah, Ouargla, Algeria
2
Laboratoire de Recherche Science de L’eau, National Polytechnic School, Algiers, Algeria
3
Laboratoire Ressource en Eau et Développement Durable, University of Badji Mokhtar, Annaba, Algeria
4
Laboratory of Management, Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Facilities and Urban Infrastructure, Souk Ahras, Algeria
according to the Clausius–Clapeyron relationship and also since hotter air has more capacity to hold moisture (Trenberth et al. 2003). However, changes in rainfall distribution will increase the occurrence of extreme floods and significant droughts (Lenderink and Van Meijgaard 2008). It is argued that temperature and rainfall variability over time and space are important factors of the possible impacts of climate change. However, it is not possible to track climate change impacts based on the separated analysis of these two variables. For complete and more si
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