A Multi-objective Zoning Framework for Mineral Resources Development and Management: A Case Study in Henan Province, Chi
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Original Paper
A Multi-objective Zoning Framework for Mineral Resources Development and Management: A Case Study in Henan Province, China Yali Zhang,1,3 Xiaoyang Li,1 Song Wang,1 Jialiang Guo,1 and Guofang Lv2 Received 7 August 2019; accepted 17 December 2019
Sustainable development of mineral resources (MRs) is important for a national strategy of resource security and ecological civilization. Reasonable zoning of MRs for development and management is key. In this study, we developed a multi-objective framework for MRs zones (MRZs), including indicator sets and dividing processes, after evaluating and grading indicators of 131 county-level units in Henan Province, China. We used this framework to customize resource management measures for all kinds of MRZs. The dominant criteria in the zoning evaluation system were resource conditions, development and utilization conditions, ecological environment conditions, and socioeconomic conditions, which included ecological priority, resource security, and socioeconomic development. Discriminant analyses, spatial superposition, cluster analyses, and exclusion method in ArcGIS were used to divide the study area into five categories: prohibited MRZ, restricted MRZ, key MRZ, optimal MRZ, and common MRZ. The results indicated the obvious regional characteristics of MRZ distribution in Henan Province, with 32 restricted MRZs, seven key MRZs, three optimal MRZs, and 23 common MRZs. Prohibited MRZs were located in 51 counties. For the different MRZ types, specific management measures were put forward to improve the layout structure and facilitate the future MRs planning. KEY WORDS: Mineral resources, Spatial zoning, Multi-objective framework, Sustainable development, Management measures, Henan Province.
INTRODUCTION In recent years, the demand for mineral resources (MRs) has increased dramatically in many countries as a result of rapid economic development 1
Henan Engineering Research Center of Land Consolidation and Ecological Restoration, Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, PeopleÕs Republic of China. 2 Land and Resources in Henan Province Scientific Research Institute, 41 Huanghe Road, Zhengzhou 450002, PeopleÕs Republic of China. 3 To whom correspondence should be addressed; e-mail: [email protected]
(Goodenough et al. 2017; Nevskaya et al. 2019). Sustainable development requires a good balance between MRs exploitation and environmental protection. Some countries with abundant MRs and mature smelting technology and more developed economies, such as Britain, Russia, Canada, and others, usually use zoning management strategies to mitigate exploitation (Tiess 2010; Haines et al. 2014). Differences in national planning systems always result in some differences in MRs development and management. For example, Britain has identified future key mining sites and categorized them into preferred areas, specific sites, and search areas (Green et al. 2013). The USA attached great
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