A New Approach for Dust Storm Detection Using MODIS Data
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RESEARCH PAPER
A New Approach for Dust Storm Detection Using MODIS Data Amin Sarikhani1 · Maryam Dehghani1 · Ayoub Karimi‑Jashni1 · Solmaz Saadat1 Received: 30 March 2019 / Accepted: 5 October 2020 © Shiraz University 2020
Abstract Dust storms which are considered as a cause of climatic and public health concerns are induced by natural and anthropogenic activities. In this paper, based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite images, a new algorithm is developed to automatically detect dust storms over water body and land surfaces. The proposed method applies two different strategies for dust storm detection over water and land surfaces through the combination of various dust indices extracted from reflectance and thermal MODIS channels. It overcomes the disadvantages of previously developed algorithms taking into account the MODIS spectral band 7 (2105–2155 nm) to discriminate between dark and bright land surfaces. Different newly defined dust indices using proper thresholds are then employed for dust storm detection over two land surface classes as well as the water body. The proposed algorithm is applied to six dust-contaminated MODIS images covering southwestern Iran, northeastern Saudi Arabia, and southeastern Iraq. The results show that the proposed dust storm detection method performs well over areas covering features such as bright land surfaces and clouds whose spectral behavior is similar to that of the dust plumes. The results are compared to those obtained from two widely used previously developed dust storm detection algorithms. The comparison of the results with those achieved from visual inspections demonstrates that the proposed method detects the dust storm with the accuracy of ~ 95%, whereas the other two methods result in the dust detection accuracies of ~ 69% and ~ 68%. Furthermore, the proposed approach is found to be promising for dust storm detection over the study area. Keywords Dust storm · MODIS · Spectral overlap · Dark and bright surface
1 Introduction Large quantities of dust particles are nowadays transferred into the atmosphere in both arid and semiarid environments (Kelly et al. 2007) which are in turn a thread to public health in many countries such as Iran, Iraq, and Kuwait. Dust storms with the particle size ranging from 2 to 300 µm (Neff et al. 2013) highly affect air quality, environment, and social and economic activities. Remote sensing as a powerful technique to study the atmosphere can efficiently map the spectral properties of dust storms and consequently monitor their spatial distribution. Various studies based on the spectral properties of dust have strived to detect dust storms from satellite images. In this regard, MODIS images have * Maryam Dehghani [email protected] 1
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Karmikhan Zand Blvd, 7134851156 Shiraz, Iran
proven their capability for monitoring air pollution due to their sufficient spectral and spatial resolutions (e.g., I
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