A New Approach for ECG Recording in Rats: An Autonomic Nervous System Analysis
Reliable electrocardiogram (ECG) recording systems in rats become tools remarkably crucial for the drug safety evaluation in experimental physiological methods. However, the currently existing techniques for ECG measurement in rats still impair a better t
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. S. do Nascimento (B) · J. L. B. Marques Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] J. L. B. Marques e-mail: [email protected] F. da Silva Fiorin · A. R. S. Santos Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] A. R. S. Santos e-mail: [email protected] L. F. F. Royes Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 Y. Iano et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the 5th Brazilian Technology Symposium, Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies 202, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57566-3_9
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1 Introduction Electrocardiogram (ECG) is widely used as a study tool for the understanding of cardiovascular physiology, both clinically and in experimental research animals. In this context, ECG measurement methods explored in rats have contributed actively in the last decade to the pharmaceutical industries in regard to the drug safety evaluation. For this reason, rat models become remarkably useful for the assessment of cardiac pathologies [1]. Importantly, the increasing development of the experimental physiological models using rats is resulting in a more significant demand for less invasive ECG measurement methods. However, currently, existing techniques for recording ECG from rats still require the use of surgical procedures [2], anesthesia administration [3], as well as restraint of animals [4]. In this perspective, recent studies have reported that the use of a telemetry system is the most efficient standard for physiological measurement in vivo [5]. The telemetry is a technique in which a transmitter is implanted on small animals, permitting the recording of the signals automated and wireless, where the data are posteriorly received by a receiver outside the home cage of the animals. This method allows the recording to be done in rats over a long period, occurring in a state very close to the animal’s natural cardiovascular physiology. Nevertheless, despite this method provides data more optimized and reliable it still possesses many limitations such as a very high cost of implementation, physical size (it requires a minimum bodyweight of the animals for implantation), and external power requirements for its operation [1, 5, 6]. In investigations of the cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS), these methods described here may affect the natural physiological features, impairing a better translational approach. For example, the surgical procedure for telemetric transmitter implantation in very diseased animals may result in the non-survival of these animals. From the anesthesia administration standpoint, the use of several drugs for cardiovascular evaluation is also sometimes questionable by influen
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