Age-Related Alterations in Autonomic Nervous System Innervation of Lymphoid Tissue
Complex bidirectional signaling occurs between the nervous and immune systems that impacts the functions of both systems. In response to stressors, the central nervous system has modulatory effects on the immune system through release of hormones, paracri
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Abel Lajtha (Ed.)
Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology Neuroimmunology Volume Editors: Armen Galoyan and Hugo Besedovsky
With 38 Figures and 18 Tables
Editor Abel Lajtha Director Center for Neurochemistry Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research 140 Old Orangeburg Road Orangeburg New York, 10962 USA Volume Editors Armen Galoyan The Buniatian Institute of Biochemistry the National Academy of Sciences 5/1 Sevag str. 375014 Yerevan Republic of Armenia
Hugo O. Besedovsky Inst. of Normal and Pathological Physiology Dept. Immunophysiology Medical Faculty Deutschhausstrasse 2 D‐35037 Marburg Germany
Library of Congress Control Number: 2006922553 ISBN: 978‐0‐387‐30358‐1 Additionally, the whole set will be available upon completion under ISBN: 978‐0‐387‐35443‐9 The electronic version of the whole set will be available under ISBN: 978‐0‐387‐30426‐7 The print and electronic bundle of the whole set will be available under ISBN: 978‐0‐387‐35478‐1 ß 2008 Springer ScienceþBusiness Media, LLC. All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer ScienceþBusiness Media, LLC., 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. springer.com Printed on acid‐free paper
SPIN: 11417729 2109 ‐ 5 4 3 2 1 0
Preface
Neuroimmunology is one of the most rapidly developing branches of Neurobiology, prompted by novel neurochemical, neuroendocrinological, and neurophysiological investigations of the central and peripheral nervous system including neuroendocrine systems. Neuroimmunology can be considered as an interdisciplinary science that covers relevant aspects of how the peripheral immune system can influence brain physiology and elicit neuroendocrine immunoregulatory responses and also how local interactions between immune and neuronal mediators of the brain influence the occurrence and course of neuropathologic diseases. Therefore, we have in these volume chapters, focused on immune–neuro–endocrine interactions underlying the control and regulation of processes involved in both immune and brain physiology and in the pathogenesis of different nervous diseases. Among such diseases are: schizophrenia, HIV-associated dementia, rheumatoid arthritis, several experimental pathologies, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Theilers virus infection, nervous system demyelination diseases, the primary degenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s as well as brain injuries resulting from stroke and trauma, t
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