A new approach for optimizing air pollutant emissions using Newtonian relaxation and the coupled WRF-CAMx model: a case
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ORIGINAL PAPER
A new approach for optimizing air pollutant emissions using Newtonian relaxation and the coupled WRF-CAMx model: a case study in Xuzhou city, China Yanpeng Li 1,2 & Zibin Bai 1 & Guobin Wang 1 Received: 11 June 2019 / Accepted: 10 September 2020 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2020
Abstract Air pollution remains a very serious problem in China. Simulating and forecasting the air quality have become important tools for analyzing the temporal and spatial variations in air pollution and diagnosing the sources and transport pathways of air pollutants. However, the forecasting accuracy is greatly influenced by the quality of air pollutant emission inventory data, which are difficult to obtain. In this study, we used Newtonian relaxation and the coupled WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting)-CAMx (Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions) model to improve the simulation accuracy to correct the inventory data. By utilizing the corrected inventory data, the correlation coefficients of the simulated PM2.5 emissions in April 2016 and April 2017 are greatly improved (with correlation coefficient R = 0.619 vs. 0.409, respectively, and root mean square errors RMSE = 0.0364 vs. 0.0404 mg/m3, respectively). The estimated emission flux in the inner domain of the model is 41106.43 Mg/month in April, which is much higher (by 9.77%) than the emission flux predicted by the Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC) (37446.85 Mg/month). This paper is of great significance for the study of air quality early warning forecast on the mesoscale scale. Keywords Pollutant emission inventory . WRF-CAMx . Newtonian relaxation . Air quality simulation and forecast
Introduction Concurrent with rapid economic growth over the past three decades, China’s environmental pollution problems have become increasingly serious; among these problems, air pollution is a particular focus of our attention (Mengwei Jia et al. 2017). Outdoor air pollution alone causes over 1 million premature deaths every year in China (Cohen et al. 2017; Danny and Amos 2018). Beginning in 2012, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and other large cities implemented strict PM 2.5 monitoring
Responsible Editor: Biswajeet Pradhan * Yanpeng Li [email protected] 1
School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China
2
JiangXi College of Applied Technology, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
schemes and related environmental analysis and governance policies; however, the effects of these policies have not been remarkable. Because fewer observation stations are deployed and an insufficient number of investigations have been conducted in areas outside these major cities, we have insufficient and inaccurate knowledge regarding the temporal and spatial distributions, dynamic changes, sources, transport pathways, and other characteristics of various air pollutant emissions. As a result, it is difficult to provide effective support for the formulation of longterm environmental policy and
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