A New Computer Based Quadrilateral Distance Relay Framework for Power Transmission Lines
In conventional transmission line protection, a three–zone stepped directional distance scheme is used to provide the primary as well as remote backup protection. The voltage and current phasors are needed by the distance relay for determining the impedan
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Abstract In conventional transmission line protection, a three–zone stepped directional distance scheme is used to provide the primary as well as remote backup protection. The voltage and current phasors are needed by the distance relay for determining the impedance. In this paper, a new frame work is proposed using Data Acquisition Card, which acquires real-time signals of the voltages and currents, processes numerically them in PC and outputs tripping signal to the circuit breaker. Algorithm of quadrilateral distance protection has been implemented using the Simulink/Matlab. To validate the present work, the performance of developed relay is tested by signals generated by Simulink/MATLAB simulator under different conditions. The obtained simulation results are satisfactory.
Keywords Quadrilateral distance protection Numerical relay Data acquisition card Power swing Real time toolbox
Introduction Power grid protection is the process of making the production, transmission, and distribution of electrical energy as safe as possible from the effects of equipment failures and events that place the power system at risk. When the faults occur in such power grid, protection systems are designed to isolate faulted part of the power grid, and leave the healthy parts of the system connected in order to ensure the continuity of the power supply. The operational security of the power system depends upon the successful performance of the thousands of relays that protect equipments and hence protect the whole system from cascading failures. Thus, the A. Ouadi H. Bentarzi (&) Signals and Systemes Laboratory Lab, IGEE, UMBB University, Boumerdes, Algeria e-mail: [email protected]
Y.-M. Huang et al. (eds.), Advanced Technologies, Embedded and Multimedia for Human-centric Computing, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 260, DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7262-5_55, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014
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failure of a relay to operate as intended may jeopardize the stability of the entire power system and its equipment. Disturbances may affect on transmission line relays such as overcurrent, directional overcurrent and distance relays which may respond to the variations of voltage and currents and their phase angle relationship. Under this condition, these relays operate even for stable power swings for which the system can recover [1]. In order to overcome the drawbacks of these traditional relaying systems, many techniques have been developed such as a blinder that blocks the relay to operate during the power swing [2] or by using a quadrilateral distance relay. The mal-operation of this relay which is generally due to unnecessary tripping during power swing reduces the security of protection system and hence its reliability. The ideal characteristic for preventing this mal-operation is a quadrilateral characteristic but it can be implemented with difficulty. The basic principle behind distance relay is calculating the line impedance seen by the relay at location using the
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