A Fast Fourier Transform-Based Method for Power Swing Detection and Distance Relay Malfunction Prevention
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A Fast Fourier Transform-Based Method for Power Swing Detection and Distance Relay Malfunction Prevention Behrooz Taheri1
· Milad Faghihlou1 · Sirus Salehimehr1 · Farzad Razavi1
Received: 26 February 2020 / Revised: 30 June 2020 / Accepted: 18 August 2020 © Brazilian Society for Automatics–SBA 2020
Abstract Fourier transform has abundant applications in the field of power systems. One of the chief uses of this technique is differentiating between power swings and the faults occurring simultaneously with these swings in the power system. Despite many efforts to use Fourier transform for this purpose, the available methods have significant restrictions that affect their applicability. This paper introduces a new method based on Fourier transform for detecting power swings and various types of simultaneous faults that occur during the power swings. The strength of the proposed method in comparison with currently used schemes is the capability of detecting the unstable and multi-mode power swings and also detection of high-impedance faults. Since the performance of the proposed method depends on defining a threshold value, this paper also provides a quick and simple way to determine this threshold value for various power networks. DIgSILENT and MATLAB softwares have been used to test the proposed method on the standard IEEE 39-bus test system for different scenarios of power swing and simultaneous fault conditions. Keywords Power swing · Distance relay · Power system protection · FFT
1 Introduction Distance relays are among the key components of power systems protection and provide capabilities such as fault detection based on the local voltage and current, identifying fault location without needing complex computations, etc. (Taheri et al. 2019). However, when the system is experiencing power swings, these relays cannot function properly and are prone to disconnecting healthy lines. Power swing is a transient phenomenon that can be caused by fault occurrences, disconnection of parallel lines, reclosing, and major increase or decrease in the system load. Distance relays normally have a complementary part known as power swing blocking (PSB) function which detects power swings and prevents malfunction of the relay under such conductions. Power swing detection and handling in distance relays have been the subject of many studies, some of which are reviewed below. In Tziouvaras and HOU (2003) and Khoradshadi-
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Behrooz Taheri [email protected] Faculty of Electrical, Biomedical and Mechatronics Engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
Zadeh (2005), power swings have been detected based on blinder technique and concentric impedance characteristics based on changes in apparent impedance. However, these methods require substantial offline stability analysis for proper configuration (Mooney and Fischer 2006). Also, these methods do not respond to faults, while the blocking function is active and cannot differentiate a fast power swing from a fault. Since distance relay’s resistance ch
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