A New Damage Constitutive Model for Thermal Deformation of AA6111 Sheet
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recent years, great efforts have been devoted to apply aluminum alloys in transportation vehicles for reducing CO2 emission and fossil fuel consumption and improving automobile performance.[1,2] Further reasons in selecting aluminum alloys for transportation vehicles include good corrosion resistance, high strength to weight ratio, and excellent recyclability without decreasing quality grade after material reproduction.[3–5] However, cost-effective manufacture of aluminum alloys into complex-shaped parts through conventional cold stamping is still extremely difficult because of the limited manufacturability of the alloys at room temperature. Compared with cold stamping, hot stamping can better produce the desired components with complex shapes in one operation instead of assembling several aluminum sub-parts cold stamped. Finite element (FE) analysis has been greatly developed to simulate metal forming processes for determining formability limitation, optimizing forming parameters, and gaining a deeper understanding of the WENYU MA, XUEFENG TANG, and LEI YANG, Ph.D. Candidates, BAOYU WANG, Professor, and YUANMING HUO, Postdoctoral, are with the School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No. 30 Xueyuan Road Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] JIANHUA BIAN, Researcher, is with the School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, P.R. China. Manuscript submitted January 3, 2015. Article published online March 18, 2015 2748—VOLUME 46A, JUNE 2015
relevant mechanisms. Application of this method shortens the research and design (R&D) period and saves the expenditure of trial and error through experiments. The FE software can also implement deformation-related models to extend simulation capability. For example, the user-defined subroutine variable user material (VUMAT) in the FE code ABAQUS can be used to define material properties with material models established by researchers for extending predictability. There are plenty of high-temperature constitutive models available to describe the thermal deformation behavior of aluminum alloys. Poletti et al.[6] conducted compression tests of aluminum alloy AA6082 ranging from 573 K to 823 K (300 °C to 550 °C) at various strain rates. A set of phenomenological constitutive equations was then calculated according to the flow data. Shi et al.[7] employed Arrhenius-type constitutive equations to characterize the thermal deformation behavior of aluminum alloy 6005A between 573 K and 773 K (300 °C and 500 °C) under different strain rates. Li et al.[8] established constitutive models according to continuum damage mechanics to describe the creep behaviors of aluminum alloys at elevated temperatures. Roy et al.[9] studied the flow behavior of aluminum alloy A356 at various temperatures and strain rates. The experimental data were fitted to two models: the modified Johnson–Cook model and the extended Ludwik–Hollomon model. Li et al.[10] carried out isothermal compression tests
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