A New Deal for an Effective European Research Policy The Design and
More than a century ago Louis Pasteur observed that “Science knows no country, because knowledge belongs to humanity, and is the torch which illuminates the world”. His remark has all the more resonance today with the increasing globa- sation of science,
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A NEW DEAL FOR AN EFFECTIVE EUROPEAN RESEARCH POLICY The Design and Impacts of the 7th Framework Programme
by Ugur Muldur, Fabienne Corvers, Henri Delanghe, Jim Dratwa, Daniela Heimberger, Brian Sloan, and Sandrijn Vanslembrouck
With a Preface by Commissioner for Science and Research Janez Potocˇ nik
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN-10 ISBN-13 ISBN-10 ISBN-13
1-4020-5550-1 (HB) 978-1-4020-5550-8 (HB) 1-4020-5551-x (e-book) 978-1-4020-5551-5 (e-book)
Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved © European Communities, 2006 The information and views expressed in this book are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Commission
CONTENTS
List of Figures and Tables
ix
Preface
xv
Acknowledgements
xvii
List of Abbreviations
xix xxiii
Introduction Chapter 1 / Challenges to the European Exception: What can S&T do? 1. Europe: Turning from a Positive into a Negative Exception 2. Great Expectations of S&T as Regards Tackling the Multitude of Challenges 3. The Role that S&T can Play
15 21
Chapter 2 / Are Expectations Too High? Weaknesses of Europe’s S&T System 1. Insufficient Investment in R&D 2. An Inefficient System of Research Governance in Europe 3. The Problem of Coordinating Policies 4. S&T and the Public: The Triple Paradox
35 35 51 62 65
Chapter 3 / Opening the Window of Opportunity: The New Policy Context 1. The Lisbon European Council: Putting Knowledge at the Centre 2. Investing More and Better in Research 3. Evidence-Based Policy-Making 4. The Lack of Progress Since the Year 2000 5. Explaining the Lack of Progress 6. A New Policy Context Chapter 4 / Building on Experience: Learning Lessons from Past Framework Programmes 1. Evaluating the Framework Programme is not Easy 2. Collaborative Research and its Impacts v
1 1
75 76 81 86 86 88 90 93 93 102
vi
CONTENTS
3. 4. 5. 6.
The Impact of the Framework Programme on Human Resources The Impact of the Framework Programme on Research Infrastructures The Framework Programme and Intergovernmental Cooperation at the Programme Level Assessing the Wider Impacts of the Framework Programme
Chapter 5 / Engaging Stakeholders for Better Policy-Making 1. Consultative Mechanisms at Community Level 2. Stakeholders’ Involvement in the Development of the 7th Framework Programme Proposal 3. A Stronger and Bigger Programme than Ever Before 4. Ensuring Accessibility for all 5. Fundamental and Applied Research: How should they Coexist? 6. Excellence Versus Cohesion: Is Efficiency Compatible with Solidarity? Chapter 6 / European Added Value, Option Analysis, and the Commission’s Proposal for the 7th Framework Programme 1. Considering European Added Value 2. Analysing Policy Options 3. A Short Outline of the Commission’s 7th Framework Programme Proposal 4. The Expected Impacts of the Commission’s 7th Framework Programme Proposal Chapter 7 / From Proposals to Commitments –
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