A new edible Rhizopogon species from Southwest China, and its mycorrhizal synthesis with two native pines
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
A new edible Rhizopogon species from Southwest China, and its mycorrhizal synthesis with two native pines Ran Wang1,2 · Fu Qiang Yu1 · Jesús Pérez Moreno3 · Carlos Colinas2,4 Received: 6 June 2020 / Accepted: 17 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A new Rhizopogon species associated with Pinus was discovered at local wild mushroom markets and Pinus armandii forests from March to July in Southwest China where it is considered a delicacy. Based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses, the collections were described as Rhizopogon songmaodan sp. nov. belonging to the subgenus Versicolores. The new species described here increases the current number of Rhizopogon species known in China to ten. R. songmaodan establishes ectomycorrhizal associations with P. armandii which was confirmed by comparing rDNA ITS sequences from basidiomata and ectomycorrhizal root tips. Mycorrhizal synthesis via spore inoculation between R. songmaodan and two native pine species, Pinus armandii and P. yunnanensis was successfully carried out in a greenhouse study. The ease of R. songmaodan inoculation onto pine species, and the high market demand of its sporocarps, could make R. songmaodan a good candidate for cultivation in Southwest China. Keywords Hypogeous basidiomycota · Edible fungi · Morphology · Phylogeny · Taxonomy · Ectomycorrhizae
Introduction The genus Rhizopogon Fr. & Nordholm (Basidiomycota, Boletales, Rhizopogonaceae) contains approximately 212 species of hypogeous fungi (https://www.Indexfungor um. org/names/names.asp). Because of the difficulty in finding hypogeous sporocarps, up to now only nine Rhizopogon species have been reported from China (Liu 1985; Tao and
* Fu Qiang Yu [email protected] * Carlos Colinas [email protected] 1
Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwestern China, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People’s Republic of China
2
Department of Crop and Forest Science, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
3
Edafología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Colegio de Postgraduados, km 36.5 carr. México‑Texcoco, Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de México CP 56230, México
4
Forest Sciences Center of Catalonia (CTFC), Crta. Sant Llorenç S/N, Solsona, Spain
Chang 1988; Yu and Liu 2005; Dai and Yang 2008; Dai et al. 2010; Shao et al. 2013; Li et al. 2016). Fungi in the genus Rhizopogon establish ectomycorrhizal associations with Pinaceae, specifically Pinus and Pseudotsuga and play an important ecological role in these forest ecosystems (Molina et al. 1999). All Rhizopogon species form “truffle-like” hypogeous basidiomata (Smith et al. 1966). They are popular edible fungi at wild mushroom markets in Southwest China, especially Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, with different local names, such as “jiyaozi” (chicken’s kidney), “bugujun” (cuckoo mushroom), and “so
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