A new minibarcode assay to facilitate species identification from processed, degraded or historic ray (batoidea) samples
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METHODS AND RESOURCES ARTICLE
A new minibarcode assay to gacilitate species identification from processed, degraded or historic ray (batoidea) samples Gregory J. Wannell1 · Andrew M. Griffiths1 · Anastasia Spinou2 · Romina Batista3 · Marina Barreira Mendonça4 · Wolmar Benjamin Wosiacki5 · Bonnie Fraser1 · Sabine Wintner6,7 · Athanasios I. Papadopoulos2 · Grigorios Krey8 · Chrysoula Gubili8 Received: 12 February 2020 / Accepted: 10 June 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Rays (Batoidea) are among the most threatened groups of vertebrates. Slow growth and low fecundity make many species vulnerable to overfishing, but increased demand for gill rakers in traditional Chinese medicine and elasmobranch meat means exploitation continues. In response, protection has increased, with manta and devilrays (Mobulidae) and sawfishes (Pristidae) now listed on Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). This protection requires an accurate assay for species identification, even when parts of the body have been removed or products have been processed. Therefore, we developed and tested a new COI minibarcode to identify ray species among processed samples. This assay was tested on 25 samples from across four batoid orders and showed consistent amplification. In 68% of cases, a correct top match was identified on GenBank and BOLD, but its accuracy should be much higher (particularly due to extensive taxonomic revisions in this group). Bioinformatic analysis of existing sequences also showed 81% of minibarcodes were matched back to a single species and 100% correctly back to all other taxonomic ranks. This increased to 91% when only including records published in the previous 2 years (that should help to account for recent taxonomic revisions). Analysis of skate ‘wings’ and cooked samples was highly successful, allowing the unambiguous identification of species. These results suggest this minibarcode will be highly useful in identifying ray species and could have a range of applications from the analysis of processed products to investigations of environmental DNA, making them an effective tool in the conservation of endangered batoids. Keywords DNA barcode · COI · Batoidea · Chondrichthyan conservation, forensics, fisheries management
Introduction Gregory J. Wannell and Andrew M. Griffiths contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-020-01158-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Chrysoula Gubili [email protected] 1
Rays, of the superorder Batoidea, are of increasing conservation concern. They are typically associated with demersal and pelagic habitats and are vulnerable to netting, demersal trawling and bycatch (Dulvy et al. 2008; White et al. 2006; 4
Programa de Capacitação Institucional (PCI), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Avenida Perimetral, 1901, CEP, Belém, Pará 66077‑530, Brazil
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Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Caixa Postal 399, Belém, Pará 660
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