Campyloneurum atrosquamatum (Polypodiaceae), a new species from Amazonia
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AND
R. C. MORAN4
1
Depto. de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, C.P. 19031, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Arenales 1256, Lima-14, Peru; e-mail: [email protected] 3 Plant Resources Center, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA 4 The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY 10458-5126, USA; e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. A new species, Campyloneurum atrosquamatum, is described from the western Amazonian region of Ecuador to Bolivia, and from French Guiana and northeastern Brazilian Amazon. The new species belongs to the Repens Clade of Campyloneurum. Previously, it had been identified as C. coarctatum because of its similar lamina size and shape. An earlier phylogenetic study, however, resolved it as sister to C. fuscosquamatum, a species with nearly identical rhizome scales and a similar geographic distribution. We describe the new species, compare it to related species, and provide illustrations, distribution maps, and a key to similar species. A lectotype is chosen for C. coarctatum. Keywords: ferns, floristics, pteridophytes, South America, taxonomy.
Campyloneurum C. Presl is entirely Neotropical and contains about 60 species (León, 1992; Lellinger, 1988; Labiak & Moran, 2018). Phylogenetically, it forms a clade with Microgramma C. Presl and Niphidium J. Sm. (Schneider et al. 2004; Kreier et al. 2007; Schuettpelz and Pryer 2007; Labiak & Moran, 2018). The clade is characterized by simple, entire leaves, the only exceptions being three 1-pinnate species that compose C. sect. Decurrentia R. C. Moran & Labiak (Moran & Labiak, 2017). The veins of all three genera are anastomosed, but they form different patterns, as has been documented for Campyloneurum (Moran & Labiak, 2017), Microgramma (de la Sota & Pérez-García, 1982), and Niphidium (Lellinger, 1972). The venation of Campyloneurum differs from that of Microgramma and Niphidium by the main lateral veins cross-connected by finer arcuate veins, creating a series of areoles between the costae and margins (Labiak & Moran, 2018). The areoles along the costae have only one included, excurrent veinlet, but the supra-costular areoles typically include two excurrent veinlets. When fertile, excurrent veinlets bear round sori near or at the
tips of these veinlets. This distinctive venation pattern is lost in the Pruinose clade of Campyloneurum, which is characterized by pruinose rhizomes (Labiak & Moran, 2018). Although it has anastomosing veins, the Pruinose clade often lacks conspicuous main lateral veins between the costa and margin, and for this reason the characteristic cross-venation pattern of the genus cannot develop. Species recognition within Campyloneurum has proved challenging. Although characterstate reconstructions show that some characters in the genus exhibit little homoplasy (e.g., 1-pinnate laminae, rhizome pruinosity, and the presence of hairs on the laminae abaxially), many characters are highly homoplastic (Labiak
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