A New PID Controller Circuit Design Using CFOAs
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A New PID Controller Circuit Design Using CFOAs Zehra Gülru Çam Ta¸skıran1
· Herman Sedef1 · Fuat Anday2
Received: 22 October 2019 / Revised: 26 August 2020 / Accepted: 4 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this study, a new CFOA-based PID controller circuit is designed and implemented by a systematic approach employing signal-flow graph theory which is a powerful tool for active circuit design. The proposed circuit has independently adjustable PID parameters (K P , K I , K D ) which are independently controlled by only one passive element. Having high input and low output impedances, it has the ability to cascade with other circuits. The proposed PID circuit is examined in a closed-loop control system with an example plant circuit. Mathematical analyses are performed and discussed. The PID controller is realized by using commercially available integrated circuit elements, and results are given to demonstrate the performance of the proposed PID controller. Keywords PID controller · Signal-flow graph · CFOA · Control system
1 Introduction Proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controllers are widely utilized in many areas such as signal processing and the fields of control systems. A large number of PID structures using different active elements have been proposed in the literature. On the other hand, current-mode circuits are known as their low power consumption at high frequencies, less affection at voltage fluctuations, and high speed [11].
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Zehra Gülru Çam Ta¸skıran [email protected] Herman Sedef [email protected] Fuat Anday [email protected]
1
Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
2
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Maltepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing
Therefore, in recent years, the use of current-mode circuits in the controller circuit designs has become preferable [2,4,6,8,9,12–14,16–18]. PID controllers obtained by the parallel separation method contain a large number of active and passive elements [6,7,9]. Different separation methods are required to obtain circuits with fewer elements. Although different methods are used, PID controller studies including three and more active elements are also available in the literature [4,13,16]. Also, some studies do not provide low output or high input impedances [4,6,14,18,19]. Another feature to consider is that the controller parameters can be adjusted independently and easily. Parameters that cannot be controlled independently of each other cause design difficulties [2,4,8,12,17]. However, since each control parameter depends on a single passive element value in the proposed circuit, the value limit that the parameter can take depends only on the operating range of the used active element. It is also important to realize the proposed circuit using commercially available elements in terms of simplicity as well as allowing experimental verification. For this reaso
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