A New Position Location System Using DTV Transmitter Identification Watermark Signals
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A New Position Location System Using DTV Transmitter Identification Watermark Signals Xianbin Wang,1 Yiyan Wu,1 and Jean-Yves Chouinard2 1 Communications 2 Department
Research Centre Canada, 3701 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Canada ON K2H 8S2 of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Laval University, Canada QC G1K 7P4
Received 30 May 2005; Revised 30 January 2006; Accepted 9 March 2006 A new position location technique using the transmitter identification (TxID) RF watermark in the digital TV (DTV) signals is proposed in this paper. Conventional global positioning system (GPS) usually does not work well inside buildings due to the high frequency and weak field strength of the signal. In contrast to the GPS, the DTV signals are received from transmitters at relatively short distance, while the broadcast transmitters operate at levels up to the megawatts effective radiated power (ERP). Also the RF frequency of the DTV signal is much lower than the GPS, which makes it easier for the signal to penetrate buildings and other objects. The proposed position location system based on DTV TxID signal is presented in this paper. Practical receiver implementation issues including nonideal correlation and synchronization are analyzed and discussed. Performance of the proposed technique is evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations and compared with other existing position location systems. Possible ways to improve the accuracy of the new position location system is discussed. Copyright © 2006 Xianbin Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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INTRODUCTION
Geographic location information can be retrieved by various infrastructures and technologies. The most popular position location system is the global position system (GPS) based on a constellation of about 24 satellites orbiting the earth at altitudes of approximately 11,000 miles [1]. In Europe, a satellite navigation system named Galileo was deployed by the European Commission and Space Agency based on a 30-satellite constellation, to provide positioning and timing services in 2008 [2]. Uncorrected positions determined from GPS satellite signals produce accuracies in the range of 50 to 100 meters. When using a technique called differential correction, users can get positions accurate to within 5 meters or less. GPS is effective and accurate outdoors, but it works very poorly, if at all, indoors and in urban canyon environments, and a reliable solution is needed to fill these gaps in coverage. Moreover, GPS is vulnerable to jamming and other disruptions from manmade and natural causes. Without a functional backup, widespread disruption of the GPS would be catastrophic for commercial applications, as well as domestic and international security. New alternative position location systems were recently proposed based on other wireless communication systems, such as cellular networks and wireless LAN. An
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