A New Understanding of Terrorism Case Studies, Trajectories and Less

Terrorism is a complex phenomenon that cannot be understood through reading of a number of unrelated academic articles or a dry overview of the history of terrorism or the investigative techniques. For A New Understanding of Terrorism, the Editors have ch

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M.R. Haberfeld · Agostino von Hassell Editors

A New Understanding of Terrorism Case Studies, Trajectories and Lessons Learned

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Editors M.R. Haberfeld City University of New York John Jay College of Criminal Justice 899 Tenth Ave. New York NY 10019 USA [email protected]

Agostino von Hassell 399 Park Ave., 26th Floor New York NY 10022 The Repton Group LLC USA [email protected]

ISBN 978-1-4419-0114-9 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-0115-6 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0115-6 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009928507 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

To my daughters, Nellie and Mia, for whom I will always strive to contribute to the creation of a less violent world. Maria (Maki) R. Haberfeld

To the U.S. Marines KIA 23 October 1983 in Beirut And the French Foreign Legionnaires, Nos Frères Agostino von Hassell

Preface

Through the review of numerous terrorist events and scenarios, some in distant places and times, this book presents the reader with a unique perspective of looking at terrorist incidents that took place in many countries and were perpetrated by individuals who had just one thing in common – they were the minority in a majority world. A grieved minority, whose claims and motivation are understood by some and rejected by others yet, in the grand scheme of things, they managed to change the way we should be thinking about and react to the phenomenon of terrorism. The chapters of this volume represent a wide range of time lines and situations that brought about the actions of the actors involved in the attacks. It is not our aim or goal to judge their causes and motivations but it is our goal to enable the reader to gain a much broader perspective on the understanding of terrorism, one that is not rooted in or focused on one particular religion, geographic location, or time line. It was Fredrick Hacker who divided the terrorist’s motivation into three, very broad, categories: criminals, crusaders, or crazies. Although the definitions are very helpful while dealing with terrorist involved in various hostage situations, on a daily level they do not further our understanding or who and why we are dealing with. Hopefully, this vo