A non-additive interaction in a single locus causes a very short root phenotype in wheat
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ORIGINAL PAPER
A non-additive interaction in a single locus causes a very short root phenotype in wheat Wanlong Li • Huilan Zhu • Ghana S. Challa Zhengzhi Zhang
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Received: 6 November 2012 / Accepted: 9 January 2013 / Published online: 5 February 2013 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
Abstract Non-additive allelic interactions underlie over dominant and under dominant inheritance, which explain positive and negative heterosis. These heteroses are often observed in the aboveground traits, but rarely reported in root. We identified a very short root (VSR) phenotype in the F1 hybrid between the common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landrace Chinese Spring and synthetic wheat accession TA4152-71. When germinated in tap water, primary roots of the parental lines reached *15 cm 10 days after germination, but those of the F1 hybrid were *3 cm long. Selfing populations segregated at a 1 (longroot) to 1 (short-root) ratio, indicating that VSR is controlled by a non-additive interaction between two alleles in a single gene locus, designated as Vsr1. Genome mapping localized the Vsr1 locus in a 3.8-cM interval delimited by markers XWL954 and XWL2506 on chromosome arm 5DL. When planted in vermiculite with supplemental fertilizer, the F1 hybrid had normal root growth, virtually identical to the parental lines, but the advanced backcrossing G. S. Challa and Z. Zhang contributed equally to this research. Communicated by F. Hochholdinger.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00122-013-2046-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. W. Li H. Zhu G. S. Challa Z. Zhang Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, 252 North Plain Biostress Laboratory, Brookings, SD 57007, USA W. Li (&) Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, 247 North Plain Biostress Laboratory, Brookings, SD 57007, USA e-mail: [email protected]
populations segregated for VSR, indicating that the F1 VSR expression was suppressed by interactions between other genes in the parental background and the vermiculite conditions. Preliminary physiological analyses showed that the VSR suppression is independent of light status but related to potassium homeostasis. Phenotyping additional hybrids between common wheat and synthetics revealed a high VSR frequency and their segregation data suggested more Vsr loci involved. Because the VSR plants can be regularly maintained and readily phenotyped at the early developmental stage, it provides a model for studies of non-additive interactions in wheat.
Introduction Non-additive interactions have long interested plant breeders and evolutionary biologists because they underlie hybrid vigor and hybrid incompatibility. While hybrid vigor provides the basis for hybrid breeding, hybrid incompatibility poses a mechanism of post-zygotic isolation to gene flow within and between species, the Bateson– Dubzhansky–Muller (BDM) model of speciation. Hybrid incompatibility includes hybrid lethality, hybrid
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