A non-structural protein encoded by Rice Dwarf Virus targets to the nucleus and chloroplast and inhibits local RNA silen
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non-structural protein encoded by Rice Dwarf Virus targets to the nucleus and chloroplast and inhibits local RNA silencing 1,2
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Feng Gao , Shanshan Zhao , Shuzhen Men , Zhensheng Kang , Jian Hong , Chunhong Wei , 1,7* 1* Wei Hong & Yi Li 1
The State Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; 2 Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; 3 College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; 4 College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; 5 Department of Plant Protection, Northwestern Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; 6 Zhejiang University, College of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310029, China; 7 The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China Received November 11, 2019; accepted February 13, 2020; published online April 15, 2020
RNA silencing is a potent antiviral mechanism in plants and animals. As a counter-defense, many viruses studied to date encode one or more viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSR). In the latter case, how different VSRs encoded by a virus function in silencing remains to be fully understood. We previously showed that the nonstructural protein Pns10 of a Phytoreovirus, Rice dwarf virus (RDV), functions as a VSR. Here we present evidence that another nonstructural protein, Pns11, also functions as a VSR. While Pns10 was localized in the cytoplasm, Pns11 was localized both in the nucleus and chloroplasts. Pns11 has two bipartite nuclear localization signals (NLSs), which were required for nuclear as well as chloroplastic localization. The NLSs were also required for the silencing activities of Pns11. This is the first report that multiple VSRs encoded by a virus are localized in different subcellular compartments, and that a viral protein can be targeted to both the nucleus and chloroplast. These findings may have broad significance in studying the subcellular targeting of VSRs and other viral proteins in viral-host interactions. Rice dwarf virus, Pns11, RNA silencing suppressor, nuclear and chloroplastic localization Citation:
Gao, F., Zhao, S., Men, S., Kang, Z., Hong, J., Wei, C., Hong, W., and Li, Y. (2020). A non-structural protein encoded by Rice Dwarf Virus targets to the nucleus and chloroplast and inhibits local RNA silencing. Sci China Life Sci 63, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-019-1648-3
INTRODUCTION RNA silencing is a conserved defense mechanism against viruses and transposons (Wang and Qi, 2018; Wang et al., 2019; Yang and Li, 2018). Most viruses produce doublestranded RNAs (dsRNAs) in their replication cycle, which may trigger sequence-specific degradation of the viral genomic RNAs by RNA silencing. To counteract host RNA silencing, viruses have evolved suppressors of RNA silen*Corresponding authors (Wei Hong, email: [email protected]; Yi Li, email: [email protected])
cing (VSRs) (Boualem et al., 201
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