A novel ceramic/polyurethane composite solid polymer electrolyte for high lithium batteries
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ORIGINAL PAPER
A novel ceramic/polyurethane composite solid polymer electrolyte for high lithium batteries Ji Tu 1 & Kai Wu 1 & Jianjie Jiang 1 & Mugen Wu 1 & Qianwei Hu 2 & Guohua Xu 2 & Ping Lou 2 & Weixin Zhang 3 Received: 15 July 2020 / Revised: 7 October 2020 / Accepted: 9 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Compared with the organic electrolyte, the solid electrolyte is more stable and non-volatile at high potential, which solves the decomposition problem of organic electrolyte and the potential safety hazard of flammability and explosion. Based on the advantages of inorganic solid electrolyte and polymer solid electrolyte, a ceramic/polyurethane composite polymer electrolyte (CPPE) based on Li0.35La0.55TiO3 (LLTO) and polyurethane (LPU) was prepared in this work. First, a linear polyurethane (LPU) was synthesized via 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO), owing to the high ionic conductivity of LLTO and good mechanical property of LPU. The CPPE has a satisfactory lithium ion conductivity (3.8 × 10−4 S cm−1) at room temperature. Furthermore, the assembled LiFePO4|CPPE|Li battery exhibit excellent cycle performance at room temperature, the discharge capacity was still 149.8 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles and with a superior capacity retention of 97.8% at 0.5 °C. Additionally, the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2|CPPE|Li exhibited remarkable rate capacity that the initial capacity reached to 216.4 mAh g−1 at 0.1 °C and maintains the excellent specific capacity of 138 mAh g−1 at 1 °C. These findings suggest that CPPE provides a viable idea for the development of high-performance lithium batteries. Keywords Linear polyurethanes . Ceramics . Composite electrolyte . Lithium battery
Introduction With the rapid development of portable electronic devices, the demand for high-energy lithium batteries is becoming more and more urgent [1–3]. Currently, most of the commercial lithium batteries are graphite-based anode, but it has almost reached its theoretical capacity (372 mAh g−1) and is gradually failing to meet the needs of the power battery. However, lithium metal is considered to be the most promising candidate for nextgeneration lithium anode due to its high theoretical specific capacity of 3860 mAh g−1 and the lowest potential − 3.04 V
* Weixin Zhang [email protected] 1
Huzhou Electric Power Design Institute Co., Ltd, Huzhou City, 313000 Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
2
Huzhou Power Supply Company of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd, Hangzhou City, 310013 Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
3
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
versus standard hydrogen electrode [4–6]. Notwithstanding, there are still some limitations to the practical use of lithium anodes; lithium dendrites are the main cause of electrochemical instability and safety problems associated with short circuits in batteries [7–10]. How to suppress lithium den
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